Cmt Bos Pharmacology

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Chemical elements used with lasers
and may be combined and abbreviated in laser references

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aluminum, argon, chromium, erbium, garnet, helium, holmium, neodymium, rhodamine, ruby, thulium, yttrium

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amino acids of proteins

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phenylalanine Phe, F
proline Pro, P
tryptophan Trp, W

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bases and nucleosides

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cytosine Cyt
purine Pur
uracil Ura

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common ribonucleosides

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adenosine Ado, A
cytidine Cyd, C
uridine Urd, U

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sugars and carbohydrates

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fructose Fru
glucose Rib

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Drug development

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Phase 1: Studies conducted in healthy volunteers to assess safety, effects, metabolism, kinetics, and drug interactions

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Drug development

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Phase 2: Studies conducted to establish therapeutic efficacy and determine dose range.

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Drug development

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Phase 3: Trials typically randomized, controlled studies that assess safety/efficacy in a large sample of patients (2000-3000) for whom the drug is anticipated to be effective.

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Brand name drug

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manufacturer's name, same as a trademark name.

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Trade name

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broader term than trademark, identifying the manufacturer, not the product.

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Code name

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temporary designation for an as-yet-unnamed drug, assigned by the manufacturer. May include a code number or code designation.

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Chemical name

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Describes the chemical structure of a drug

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Brand name

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Proprietary name, manufacturer's name for a drug, same as trademark name

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Generic name

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nonproprietary name, official drug name. Created by US Adopted Names Council (USAN). Ensures consistent usage and nonduplication.

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DEA

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Drug Enforcement Administration

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Drugs of Abuse Scheduling

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Schedule I: Drugs deemed to have a high risk for abuse/dependence for which there is no current recognized clinical application/use.
Ex. PCP, heroin, LSD, marijuana

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Drugs of Abuse Scheduling

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Schedule II. Drugs deemed to have a high risk for abuse/dependence that also have current clinical applications.
Ex. opium, morphine, cocaine

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Drugs of Abuse Scheduling

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Schedule III: Drugs deemed to have some risk for abuse/dependence that also have a high degree of clinical application/use. Ex amphetamine, Valium, codeine

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Drugs of Abuse Scheduling, -barbital

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Schedule IV: Drugs deemed to have a limited risk for abuse/dependence that also have a high degree of clinical application/use. Ex. chloral hydrate, phenobarbital, barbiturate, , ex. butabarbital, pentobarbital

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Drugs of Abuse Scheduling

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Schedule V: Drugs deemed to have a low risk for abuse/dependence that are used for clinical research or represent the above drugs used in limited amounts for specific applications.

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Dose

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amount to be administered at one time or total amount administered

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Dosage

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regimen expressed as a quantity per unit of time

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a.c.

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ante cibum (before food)

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b.i.d.

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bis in die (twice a day)

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gtt.

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guttae (drops)

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n.p.o.

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nil per os (nothing by mouth)

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n.r.

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non repetatur (do not repeat)

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p.c.

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post cibum (after food)

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p.o.

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per os (by mouth)

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p.r.n.

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pro re nata (as needed)

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q.4 h.

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quaque 4 hora (every 4 hours)

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q.h.

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quaque hora (every hour)

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q.i.d.

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quater in die (4 times a day)

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t.i.d.

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ter in die (3 times a day)

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u.d.

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ut dictum (as directed)

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USP

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United States Pharmacopeia

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hypothalmic hormones that stimulate the release of pituitary hormones (suffix)

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relin

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hypothalmic hormones that inhibit the release of pituitary hormones (suffix)

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relix

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TRH

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thyrotropin-releasing hormone

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LHRH

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luteinizing hormone-release hormone

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GnRH

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gonadotropin-releasing hormone

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GHRF

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growth hormone-releasing factor (somatorelin)

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GHRIF

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growth hormone release-inhibiting factor (detirelix acetate)

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growth hormone ( suffix som-)

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somatrem,somidobove, sometribove, somagrebove, somalapor, somenopor, sometripor, somfasepor

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T4

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levorotatory thyroxine

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T3

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tridothyronine

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dextorotatory triiodothyronine

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dextrothyroxine sodium

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liothyronine and levothyroxine sodium

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liotrix sodium

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human insulin

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derived from human DNA
human insulin injection (Humulin)

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porcine insulin

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synthetic type of insulin, generally modified

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human insulin injection
nonproprietary name expressed in % in combination form

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Humulin
proprietary name expressed with virgule (?) in combination form

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insulin lispro injection
nonproprietary name expressed in % in combination form

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Humalog
proprietary name expressed with virgule (?) in combination form

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insulin aspart injection
nonproprietary name expressed in % in combination form

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NovoLog
proprietary name expressed with virgule (?) in combination form

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insulin glargine injection
nonproprietary name expressed in % in combination form

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Lantus
proprietary name expressed with virgule (?) in combination form

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prompt insulin zinc suspension
nonproprietary name expressed in % in combination form

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Emilente
proprietary name expressed with virgule (?) in combination form

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insulin zinc suspension
nonproprietary name expressed in % in combination form

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Lente
proprietary name expressed with virgule (?) in combination form

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extended human insulin zinc suspension
nonproprietary name expressed in % in combination form

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Ultralente
proprietary name expressed with virgule (?) in combination form

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insulin isophane suspension
nonproprietary name expressed in % in combination form

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NPH
proprietary name expressed with virgule (?) in combination form

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Interferons

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glycoproteins that exert antineoplastic, antiviral, and immuno-modulating effects

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general classes of compounds or single compounds of interferons

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interferon alfa or IFN-greek symbol
interferon beta or IFN-greek symbol
interferon gamma or IFN-greek symbol

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individual, pure, identifiable compound interferons

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expressed as:
ex. interferon alfa-2a

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mixtures of interferons from natural sources

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expressed as:
interferon alfa-n1

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Interlukens

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class of proteins secreted mostly by macrophages and T lymphocytes. They induce growth and differentiation of lymphocytes and hematopoietec stem cells

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interleukin 1 derivatives

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nakin

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interleukin 1a derivatives

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onkain

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interleukin 1b derivatives

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benakin

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interleukin 2 derivatives

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leukin

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interleukin 4 derivatives

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trakin

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interleukin 5 derivatives

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penkin

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interleukin 6 derivatives

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exakin

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interleukin 7 derivatives

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eptakin

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interleukin 8 derivatives

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octakin

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interleukin 9 derivatives

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nonakin

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interleukin 10 derivatives

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decakin

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interleukin 11 derivatives

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elvekin

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interleukin 12 derivatives

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dodekin

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interleukin 3 derivatives
(colony stimulating factors)

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plestim

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colony-stimulating factors

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naturally occurirng glycoproteins that regulate proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of hematopoietic growth factors.

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cytokines

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soluble immune system proteins

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Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs)

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suffix grastim
ex. filgrastim, lenograstim, Pd-grastim

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Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors (GM-CSFs)

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suffix -gramostim
ex:
ecogramostim
molgramostim
regramostim
sargarmostim

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Macrophage colony-stimulating factors (M-CSFs)

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suffix -mostim
ex:
climostim
lanimostim
mirimostim

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Interleukin 3 (IL-3)

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suffix - plestm
ex:
muplestim
daniplestim

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combined forms or conjugates of 2 types of colony-stimulating factors

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suffix -distim
ex:
leridistim
milodistim

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stem-cell stimulating factors (SCSFs)

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suffix -cestim

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erythropoietin blood factors

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suffix -poietin
add alfa, beta, or gamma to designate preparations with variable composition and carbohydrate activity.

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Isotopes

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atoms of the same element with different atomic masses used in reference to radioactive drugs
ex. iodine 128, technetium 99m

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multi-drug regimens indicated by protocol designations or protocol acronyms (common in oncology and immunology)

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ex. MOPP (methotrexate, vincristine sulfate, prednisone, and procarbazine)

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Some chemotherapy protocols combine abbreviations designating the type of cancer with treatment and drug abbreviations

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ex.
BRAJCEF (BR = breast cancer, AJ = adjuvant therapy, C = cyclophosphamide, E = epirubicin, F = fluorouracil)
LUAVPG (:I = lung, AV = advanced, P + platinum, G = gemcotabome)

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vitamin B1

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thiamine hydorchloride

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vitamin B2

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ribovlavin

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vitamin B6

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pyridoxine hydrochloride

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vitamin B12

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cyanocobalamin

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vitamin C

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ascorbic acid

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vitamin D

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cholocalciferol

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vitamin D2

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ergocalciferol

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vitamin D3

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cholecalciferol

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vitamin K1

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phytonadione

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vitamin K3

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menadione

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INN

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international proprietary name

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herbal medicines

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named and referred to in literature either by their common names of the genus and species names
ex. saffron
Crocus sativus (saffron)