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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Animated Film – Cartoons
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• Frame by Frame: shoot slow – play fast.
o Drawn o Puppets or Clay Figures or Objects o Computer drawn (computer generated) • Disney dominates cell drawn animation. • Europe dominates puppet stop action. o Czechoslovakia – now Czech Republic o Jiri Tmka jailed by Nazi’s. o Banned by Communists |
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WALT DISNEY
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• 1st SYNC-SOUND animated short:
o Steamboat Willy (1928) o Mickey Mouse gets Minnie • Silly Symphonies o Lots of shorts • Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs o (1934) 85 minutes long o 1st Feature length animated cartoon |
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Disney
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• Pinochio (1940)
• Fantasia (1940) Lost money until DVD o Invented 3 color process – bright colors o Invented stereo sound • Beauty and the Beast (1991) o 1st animation nominated Oscar Best Picture • Lion King (1994) |
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Animation Forms 1
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1. Drawing – Cells – most popular in US
2. Pupper Animation – Stop Action a. Europe cuts strings b. The Nightmare Before Christmas 3. Claymation – Clay Animation a. Jan Svankmajer & Svatopluk Maly in Prague b. Jiri Barta in Prague c. GROMITT in England |
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Animation Forms 2
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4. Pixilation – people move as puppets
5. Paper and object animation • Russia and Prague and Austria Only: o Virgil Widrich in Vienna Austria • Tom Paper 6. Computer Animation • Old Techniques – new technology • Animation goes to Broadway |
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MODERN AMERICAN
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o The Nightmare Before Christmas
o Carolina o Who Framed Roger Rabbit o Jurassic Park o Lord of the Rings Oscar Acting |
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Live Action + Puppets or Drawings
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a) King Kong – Ape Puppet – 1933
b) Ray Harryhausen – “Dynamation” i) Mighty Joe Young – 1994 – Ape Puppet ii) The Seventh Voyage of Sinbad – Dueling Skeletons iii) Jason and the Argonauts – People and Puppets iv) One Million Years B.C. – Dinosaurs – Influences Spielberg |
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Dreamworks – Paramount – Viacom – Spielberg and Jeffery Katzenberg
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a) Shrek, Madagascar, Kung Fu Panda
b) 5 years to make a 3-D film i) Monsters vs. Aliens (3-D and 2-D), How to Train Your Dragon – Shrek 4 |
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Pixar – Disney
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a) John Lasseter – Creative Director
b) Toy Story – 9 yrs. Cowboy and Astronaut c) Monsters Inc. Oscar – 100 Million – 9 Days d) The Incredibles – Oscar e) Finding Nemo – Oscar - $865 Million f) Ratatouille – Oscar g) Wall-E – Oscar h) UP – Won Best Animation Oscar, Best Picture Oscar Nom. Pixar.com “How we do it” |
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Hayo Miyazaki
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a) World’s Greatest Animator – Japanese
b) Draws all characters and backgrounds by hand “anime” c) Princess Minonoke d) Spirited Away – Oscar Best Animation e) Howls Moving Castle f) Ponyo No The Cliff By The Sea – Released by Disney |
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Film Editing – Cut and paste frames of film together to create story
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a) Avid – Final Cut – Adobe Premiere
b) Types of Film Editing i) Continuity or Classical ii) Montague |
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Continuity Editing – Also called Classical Editing
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a) Smooth, logical flow from shot to shot, scene to scene in chronological order
b) Simple Orientation of Viewers c) Parallel Action – Inter-cut 2 stories or events in parallel chronological order |
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Montague Editing
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a) 20th Century Discovery
b) Or “Dynamic Editing,” “Collision of Shots,” or “Discontinuity Editing” c) Juxtaposition of different images – lets viewer assume relationship d) Actress → Icy River → Actress is looking at icy river |
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Lev Kuleshov
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a) Russian Film Director
b) “Kuleshov’s Experiment” c) Edit one shot juxtaposed with another shot and both take on a meaning not present in either shot. |
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Kuleshov’s Experiment
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a) Shot of Actress looking at food
b) Shot of Actress look at children c) Shot of Actress looking at dead body d) Viewer perceived different emotional response in actress. |
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Sergei Eisenstein
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a) Russia – 1898 – 1948
b) Battleship Potemkin – Silent Film c) 25 years after Lumiere d) Created and scientifically studied Montague Editing |
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21st Century Film Editing
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a) Fast, short scenes – MTV Editing
b) First used for music videos c) 3-D Editing – computer adjusts to human eye – cross eye to normal eye |
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Sound in Film
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• Sound Tracks
o Music was necessary for silent films. o Music of “score” and all other sounds on screen. • Voice Over = V.O. o The inner monologue of an on screen character or o Dialogue from an off screen character. |
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Foley Sounds
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• Created by Jack Foley at Universal 1930
• Recorded in studio – simulate human sounds: • Kissing footsteps, rustling clothes, juggling car keys, eating with silverware. |
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Ambient Sound
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Background Sound
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Sound Effects
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• Phones, car horns, door bells
• Diegetic Sound: o Source inside films world, car radio, TV set • Non Diegetic Sound: o Source outside films world: film score o Film Score: Music accompanying film action |
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Terms used for film footage
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• Dailies or Rushes
o Day’s shooting • Outtakes o Footage that will not be developed or used. • Answer Prints – process to make color and focus of entire film look the same |
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Automatic Dialogue Replacement
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• ADR
• Dubbing – Computer recorded line readings. • Looping – repetition of previously recorded dialogue repeated until it matches |
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CITIZEN KANE
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• Repeatedly voted Best Film Ever!
• Orson Wells – Age 24 – 25 • Boy Wonder! • Star of Stage & radio • “War of the Worlds” Radio show panics country. Aliens land on earth told as radio news story. |
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Orson Wells
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• Stage actor and Director.
• MACBETH – all black cast • JULIUS CAESAR – as Hitler • RKO Studio gave him total control of 1st film – age 24 (1941) • Most lucrative contract in history! • Took stage & radio to Hollywood. Stopped before film showing. |
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Matte Painting
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• Part of scene is painted on glass or board:
o Painted on “Matte Board” like theatre backdrop, or painted and cut out and filmed to look real adjacent to live actors. • Done by computer and “Green Screen” and with “models” now. |
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Film Producer: The Movie Business!
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• Executive Producer
o Old Studio Heads – Several films at once – TV • Producer – Supervise all aspects of movie – start to finish – mom & dad of film o 1) Fin a property & put a deal together o 2) Find money – Budget o 3) Hire actors, hire director (Talent) o 4) Oversee Production on & off set o 5) Oversee Editing & Marketing |
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Film Production
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• Pre-Production
o Screenplay, Money, Personnel • Production o Shooting movie on the set • Post Production o Editing, Marketing, Distribution |
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Pre-Production
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• “A Property” screenplay – like owning land
o Oringinal Screenplay o Adapted Screenplay • From book, play, etc. |
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Producer
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• Producer’s salary 3% to 6% of a budget. Typical Budget $40 million+
• Get Paid “points” – each point equals 1% of the gross of the film = profit sharing. As you become successful you go from 1 to 5 or 6 points. • Participation in “ancillary rights” “in perpetuity” – foreign sales, TV, paid-per-view, DVD, video games, toys, T-shirts |
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Drawn Storyboards, Animatic Storyboards
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• Computer created Storyboards+
• Animatics – have dimension and move • Animatic Storyboards |
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Producer continued
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• Weekly salary
o When package is “GO!” o Nothing until finished & you score big. • Tax Deductions o Fly to see screenwriter, meetings, meals, write it off taxes. DVD’s off taxes. |
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Producer buys Screenplay
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1. Negotiate a deal with a scriptwriter
2. Legal Writer’s Contract 3. Must be Writer’s Guild Onion minimum. 4. Advance – pre pay or wait until release 5. Name on title of film guaranteed 6. Absolute right to 2 script polishes 7. Absolute participation in “ancillary rights.” 8. Negotiate points – new writers = 1 point 9. 1st choice of sequels, TV series |
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Screenplays
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1. Format crucial – no typos – read by grads
2. Each page 1 minute of screen time a. 80 to 120 minute + pages 3. Visual – moving pictures not moving words 4. 3 Acts: Set up (30), Conflict (60), Resolution (30) 5. TREATMENT a 1 to 1 ½ page synopsis |
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Package “Above the Line Players”
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• Producer puts together a package
• Target Audience: “Young males top buyers.” o Child/Parent, Teenagers, Elderly, Women 1. Screenwriter ($2 mil.) 2. Producer(s) 3. Stars – 125 million Tom Hanks a. 95% actors unemployed 4. Music Composer ($2 mil.) 5. Director of Cinematography (D.P. $2m) |
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PACKAGE
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1. Your property: Script
2. Actors – contact 5 or 6 actor’s agents 3. Set up locations – Florida Keys for 6 weeks. 4. Few Set ups = Less Cost 5. Take your project to a studio. |
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Agents get Actors into Hollywood System
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PRODUCERS AND AGENTS HAVE THE MOST POWER IN HOLLYWOOD!!
• Agents – power brokers in Hollywood control top actors: Tom Cruise, Will Smith, and top directors: Wes Craven • 2 minutes to “pitch” to studio executives o GRAB THEM! IT’S NEW! |
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Agents – Managers
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• Lots of agencies representing: actors, composers, writers, cinematographers
• Agents – “put packages together” o For 15% of actor’s income: $100,000 film = $15,000 • Managers – control all aspects of actor 45% to 50% of actor’s “talents” income. |
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Top Three Agencies
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1. CAA: Creative Artists Agency
2. ICM: International Creative Management 3. William Morris Agency a. (TV & NYC & Hollywood & Miami) 4. Enterprise – new and hot |
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How to get into an agency!
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• MBA or Law or P.R. or Film Producing degree, plus know film
o UM’s 3rd largest film major = Produing Track • Artsy with business sense – put deals together. • Starting salary: $35,000 to $45,000. In 4 years, $400,000! • Cubicle in back – work mail room – man phones • Meet actors “Showcases” – where actors pay to be seen in a play. |
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Agents develop talent
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1. Pick great talent from “showcase”
2. Change actor’s name 3. Articulation and voice classes 4. Ret rid of dialect 5. Personal trainer – slim, buff up, surgery, teeth 6. Get them attached to a film |
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SCRIPT READER
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• All agencies and stars and studios hire:
• Script Readers – recent film school grads 1. “Coverage” one page with a. Character in jeopardy b. Has a hook c. They “Pass” or “Accept” 2. “Coverage” for director & cinematographer is getting all shots or footage needed to edit. 3. “Long Line”: one sentence description of film |
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Studio/Agency Deals
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1. Development Deal (development hell) 2 year option on project and give it to you.
2. Turn Around Deal – Paramount has rights for 2 years – another studio buys it from them (Warner Bros) for $10,000 to ½ Million and lets it go 3. Negative Pick Up Deal – Studio will guarantee all post production (1 ½ time production costs) you fine the rest! |
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You find money to make film!
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• Negative Pick Up Deal continued:
• Look for people with wind fall money – taxes will take it so they invest this year to make money in 2 years. • Tax Shelters – free use of land, hire people in their countries. |
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Studio/Agency Deals Continued
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4. Reversion Deal – shopped your film for year and half and aske Warner Bros. Studio to give it back.
5. Play or Pay Deal – BEST! a. 19 out of 20 times film will get made. b. Only when stars are on board c. They agree to do project. They will pay! |
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Film Director
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6. During a typical day a director finishes shooting
a. 3 pages (3 minutes) of a screenplay. b. $1 to 1 ½ Million Per Day! 7. More control if co-writer or co-producer a. Spielberg, Lucas, Coppola, Cameron, Tarentino, etc: get “FINAL CUT”, RARE! b. Director’s version only on DVD. |
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Assistant Director, A.D.
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• Union: D.G.A., Director’s Guild of America
1. Schedule day’s shoot 2. Arrange logistics: set/location, to crews to greenery to food. 3. Maintains order – producer not director 4. Yells: “Quiet on the Set!”, “Roll ‘em!”, or “Roll it!” |
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Cameraman & Sound Tech
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• Yell Back: “Rolling” or “Speed”
• CLAPBOARD: Slam synchronizes sound with image of film • CLAPBOARD: NOTES FILM TITLE, SCENE & SHOT NUMBER • All technical areas have own Unions. |
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Director’s Commands
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• “Action!” - actors begin
• “Cut!” – actors stop • “Print it!” or “Save it!” or “Take!” – meaning send to lab to process • “Cut and Hold!” – stop camera everyone stay in place for next scene |
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Director’s Assistants
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• 2nd Assistant Director – Second Crew
o Other Locations • 3rd (or 2nd 2nd) Assistant Director as needed o Organize crowd scenes & extras • 4th Directors Guild of America Trainee. |
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Director of Photography (D.P.) Cinematographer
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• Lights and photographs film
• Uses: View Finder: lenses to look through. • Unions: I.C.G. = A.S.C. o International Cinematographers Guild o American Society of Cinematographers • Local 600 withing: I.A.T.S.E. o International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees – join by invitation only |
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Japan
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• Tokyo 1922 – German Expressionism
o The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1919) • Post WW II • American Influence |
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Kurosawa
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• Akira Kurosawa – Japan – most honored 20th century Asian Film Director:
o Wrote and direceted Post World War II films. o For international audience – Before TV • Rashomon 4 versions same story • The Seven Samurai • Throne of Blood • Ran |
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Kurosawa Cont.
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• Wrote & Directed – post Bomb/Americanization
• Mix of: Traditional (Feudal) & Modern o Illusion & Reality “Supernatural looks real.” o Silent & Loud o Asian and Western o Epic battles & Small 3 Character Stories • Great Actors – Child’s Point-of-View • Brilliant Art Direction – Classical Composition • SLOW – LEGENDARY – MYTHIC • Major influence on European & US films. |
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Kurosawa’s DREAMS
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• Americans go to Japan to help their mentor after death of wife/depression:
o Steven Spielberg o George Lucas o Martin Scorsese o Francis Ford Coppola • Produced 8 college short scripts (1990) |
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Young Men Not The Only Ticket Buyers
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• Twilight: New Moon 3rd biggest opening in history
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The People’s Republic of CHINA
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• Shanghai cinema capitol 1896
• Post WW II Soviet Influence CENSORSHIP o 1960’s Cultural Revolution Imprisoned Film Artists o 1978 liberalization – Western Books/Films Translated o 1980’s Market economy – Beijing Film School Grads with international Film Festival Awards • Zhang Yimou: Raise the Red Lantern o House of Flying Daggers o Curse of the Golden Flower • Directed Olympics |
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Hong Kong
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• US/European Trained Film & TV artists
• Martial Arts: Kung Fu & Spectacle o Bruce Lee o Jackie Chan o Yun-Fat Chow o Jet Li |
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Taiwan
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• European influence from start
• Ang Lee International Director! • Hollywood: Brokeback Mountain • Taiwan: o Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon o Banned in China! Won OSCAR – Best Foreign Film • Chung Yun-Fat: World’s #1 Actor – Pirates • Gong Li: #1 Actress |
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21st Century
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1. Digital vs. Film – Blue Ray – Hi. Def.
2. Web Streaming – Pornography Driven 3. I-Max to iPod 4. Games – Viewer wrties story 5. 3-D 6. Green Screen a. Avatar – James Cameron New Camera b. Alice in Wonderland – Burton digital adjust 7. New Technology? Hologram? 8. Financial Crash/Writer’s Strike 9. Micro Budget Films |