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60 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Animated Film – Cartoons
• Frame by Frame: shoot slow – play fast.
o Drawn
o Puppets or Clay Figures or Objects
o Computer drawn (computer generated)
• Disney dominates cell drawn animation.
• Europe dominates puppet stop action.
o Czechoslovakia – now Czech Republic
o Jiri Tmka jailed by Nazi’s.
o Banned by Communists
WALT DISNEY
• 1st SYNC-SOUND animated short:
o Steamboat Willy (1928)
o Mickey Mouse gets Minnie
• Silly Symphonies
o Lots of shorts
• Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
o (1934) 85 minutes long
o 1st Feature length animated cartoon
Disney
• Pinochio (1940)
• Fantasia (1940) Lost money until DVD
o Invented 3 color process – bright colors
o Invented stereo sound
• Beauty and the Beast (1991)
o 1st animation nominated Oscar Best Picture
• Lion King (1994)
Animation Forms 1
1. Drawing – Cells – most popular in US
2. Pupper Animation – Stop Action
a. Europe cuts strings
b. The Nightmare Before Christmas
3. Claymation – Clay Animation
a. Jan Svankmajer & Svatopluk Maly in Prague
b. Jiri Barta in Prague
c. GROMITT in England
Animation Forms 2
4. Pixilation – people move as puppets
5. Paper and object animation
• Russia and Prague and Austria Only:
o Virgil Widrich in Vienna Austria
• Tom Paper


6. Computer Animation
• Old Techniques – new technology
• Animation goes to Broadway
MODERN AMERICAN
o The Nightmare Before Christmas
o Carolina
o Who Framed Roger Rabbit
o Jurassic Park
o Lord of the Rings Oscar Acting
Live Action + Puppets or Drawings
a) King Kong – Ape Puppet – 1933
b) Ray Harryhausen – “Dynamation”
i) Mighty Joe Young – 1994 – Ape Puppet
ii) The Seventh Voyage of Sinbad – Dueling Skeletons
iii) Jason and the Argonauts – People and Puppets
iv) One Million Years B.C. – Dinosaurs – Influences Spielberg
Dreamworks – Paramount – Viacom – Spielberg and Jeffery Katzenberg
a) Shrek, Madagascar, Kung Fu Panda
b) 5 years to make a 3-D film
i) Monsters vs. Aliens (3-D and 2-D), How to Train Your Dragon – Shrek 4
Pixar – Disney
a) John Lasseter – Creative Director
b) Toy Story – 9 yrs. Cowboy and Astronaut
c) Monsters Inc. Oscar – 100 Million – 9 Days
d) The Incredibles – Oscar
e) Finding Nemo – Oscar - $865 Million
f) Ratatouille – Oscar
g) Wall-E – Oscar
h) UP – Won Best Animation Oscar, Best Picture Oscar Nom. Pixar.com “How we do it”
Hayo Miyazaki
a) World’s Greatest Animator – Japanese
b) Draws all characters and backgrounds by hand “anime”
c) Princess Minonoke
d) Spirited Away – Oscar Best Animation
e) Howls Moving Castle
f) Ponyo No The Cliff By The Sea – Released by Disney
Film Editing – Cut and paste frames of film together to create story
a) Avid – Final Cut – Adobe Premiere
b) Types of Film Editing
i) Continuity or Classical
ii) Montague
Continuity Editing – Also called Classical Editing
a) Smooth, logical flow from shot to shot, scene to scene in chronological order
b) Simple Orientation of Viewers
c) Parallel Action – Inter-cut 2 stories or events in parallel chronological order
Montague Editing
a) 20th Century Discovery
b) Or “Dynamic Editing,” “Collision of Shots,” or “Discontinuity Editing”
c) Juxtaposition of different images – lets viewer assume relationship
d) Actress → Icy River → Actress is looking at icy river
Lev Kuleshov
a) Russian Film Director
b) “Kuleshov’s Experiment”
c) Edit one shot juxtaposed with another shot and both take on a meaning not present in either shot.
Kuleshov’s Experiment
a) Shot of Actress looking at food
b) Shot of Actress look at children
c) Shot of Actress looking at dead body
d) Viewer perceived different emotional response in actress.
Sergei Eisenstein
a) Russia – 1898 – 1948
b) Battleship Potemkin – Silent Film
c) 25 years after Lumiere
d) Created and scientifically studied Montague Editing
21st Century Film Editing
a) Fast, short scenes – MTV Editing
b) First used for music videos
c) 3-D Editing – computer adjusts to human eye – cross eye to normal eye
Sound in Film
• Sound Tracks
o Music was necessary for silent films.
o Music of “score” and all other sounds on screen.
• Voice Over = V.O.
o The inner monologue of an on screen character or
o Dialogue from an off screen character.
Foley Sounds
• Created by Jack Foley at Universal 1930
• Recorded in studio – simulate human sounds:
• Kissing footsteps, rustling clothes, juggling car keys, eating with silverware.
Ambient Sound
Background Sound
Sound Effects
• Phones, car horns, door bells
• Diegetic Sound:
o Source inside films world, car radio, TV set
• Non Diegetic Sound:
o Source outside films world: film score
o Film Score: Music accompanying film action
Terms used for film footage
• Dailies or Rushes
o Day’s shooting
• Outtakes
o Footage that will not be developed or used.
• Answer Prints – process to make color and focus of entire film look the same
Automatic Dialogue Replacement
• ADR
• Dubbing – Computer recorded line readings.
• Looping – repetition of previously recorded dialogue repeated until it matches
CITIZEN KANE
• Repeatedly voted Best Film Ever!
• Orson Wells – Age 24 – 25
• Boy Wonder!
• Star of Stage & radio
• “War of the Worlds” Radio show panics country. Aliens land on earth told as radio news story.
Orson Wells
• Stage actor and Director.
• MACBETH – all black cast
• JULIUS CAESAR – as Hitler
• RKO Studio gave him total control of 1st film – age 24 (1941)
• Most lucrative contract in history!
• Took stage & radio to Hollywood. Stopped before film showing.
Matte Painting
• Part of scene is painted on glass or board:
o Painted on “Matte Board” like theatre backdrop, or painted and cut out and filmed to look real adjacent to live actors.
• Done by computer and “Green Screen” and with “models” now.
Film Producer: The Movie Business!
• Executive Producer
o Old Studio Heads – Several films at once – TV
• Producer – Supervise all aspects of movie – start to finish – mom & dad of film
o 1) Fin a property & put a deal together
o 2) Find money – Budget
o 3) Hire actors, hire director (Talent)
o 4) Oversee Production on & off set
o 5) Oversee Editing & Marketing
Film Production
• Pre-Production
o Screenplay, Money, Personnel
• Production
o Shooting movie on the set
• Post Production
o Editing, Marketing, Distribution
Pre-Production
• “A Property” screenplay – like owning land
o Oringinal Screenplay
o Adapted Screenplay
• From book, play, etc.
Producer
• Producer’s salary 3% to 6% of a budget. Typical Budget $40 million+
• Get Paid “points” – each point equals 1% of the gross of the film = profit sharing. As you become successful you go from 1 to 5 or 6 points.
• Participation in “ancillary rights” “in perpetuity” – foreign sales, TV, paid-per-view, DVD, video games, toys, T-shirts
Drawn Storyboards, Animatic Storyboards
• Computer created Storyboards+
• Animatics – have dimension and move
• Animatic Storyboards
Producer continued
• Weekly salary
o When package is “GO!”
o Nothing until finished & you score big.
• Tax Deductions
o Fly to see screenwriter, meetings, meals, write it off taxes. DVD’s off taxes.
Producer buys Screenplay
1. Negotiate a deal with a scriptwriter
2. Legal Writer’s Contract
3. Must be Writer’s Guild Onion minimum.
4. Advance – pre pay or wait until release
5. Name on title of film guaranteed
6. Absolute right to 2 script polishes
7. Absolute participation in “ancillary rights.”
8. Negotiate points – new writers = 1 point
9. 1st choice of sequels, TV series
Screenplays
1. Format crucial – no typos – read by grads
2. Each page 1 minute of screen time
a. 80 to 120 minute + pages
3. Visual – moving pictures not moving words
4. 3 Acts: Set up (30), Conflict (60), Resolution (30)
5. TREATMENT a 1 to 1 ½ page synopsis
Package “Above the Line Players”
• Producer puts together a package
• Target Audience: “Young males top buyers.”
o Child/Parent, Teenagers, Elderly, Women
1. Screenwriter ($2 mil.)
2. Producer(s)
3. Stars – 125 million Tom Hanks
a. 95% actors unemployed
4. Music Composer ($2 mil.)
5. Director of Cinematography (D.P. $2m)
PACKAGE
1. Your property: Script
2. Actors – contact 5 or 6 actor’s agents
3. Set up locations – Florida Keys for 6 weeks.
4. Few Set ups = Less Cost
5. Take your project to a studio.
Agents get Actors into Hollywood System
PRODUCERS AND AGENTS HAVE THE MOST POWER IN HOLLYWOOD!!
• Agents – power brokers in Hollywood control top actors: Tom Cruise, Will Smith, and top directors: Wes Craven
• 2 minutes to “pitch” to studio executives
o GRAB THEM! IT’S NEW!
Agents – Managers
• Lots of agencies representing: actors, composers, writers, cinematographers
• Agents – “put packages together”
o For 15% of actor’s income: $100,000 film = $15,000
• Managers – control all aspects of actor 45% to 50% of actor’s “talents” income.
Top Three Agencies
1. CAA: Creative Artists Agency
2. ICM: International Creative Management
3. William Morris Agency
a. (TV & NYC & Hollywood & Miami)
4. Enterprise – new and hot
How to get into an agency!
• MBA or Law or P.R. or Film Producing degree, plus know film
o UM’s 3rd largest film major = Produing Track
• Artsy with business sense – put deals together.
• Starting salary: $35,000 to $45,000. In 4 years, $400,000!
• Cubicle in back – work mail room – man phones
• Meet actors “Showcases” – where actors pay to be seen in a play.
Agents develop talent
1. Pick great talent from “showcase”
2. Change actor’s name
3. Articulation and voice classes
4. Ret rid of dialect
5. Personal trainer – slim, buff up, surgery, teeth
6. Get them attached to a film
SCRIPT READER
• All agencies and stars and studios hire:
• Script Readers – recent film school grads
1. “Coverage” one page with
a. Character in jeopardy
b. Has a hook
c. They “Pass” or “Accept”
2. “Coverage” for director & cinematographer is getting all shots or footage needed to edit.
3. “Long Line”: one sentence description of film
Studio/Agency Deals
1. Development Deal (development hell) 2 year option on project and give it to you.
2. Turn Around Deal – Paramount has rights for 2 years – another studio buys it from them (Warner Bros) for $10,000 to ½ Million and lets it go
3. Negative Pick Up Deal – Studio will guarantee all post production (1 ½ time production costs) you fine the rest!
You find money to make film!
• Negative Pick Up Deal continued:
• Look for people with wind fall money – taxes will take it so they invest this year to make money in 2 years.
• Tax Shelters – free use of land, hire people in their countries.
Studio/Agency Deals Continued
4. Reversion Deal – shopped your film for year and half and aske Warner Bros. Studio to give it back.
5. Play or Pay Deal – BEST!
a. 19 out of 20 times film will get made.
b. Only when stars are on board
c. They agree to do project. They will pay!
Film Director
6. During a typical day a director finishes shooting
a. 3 pages (3 minutes) of a screenplay.
b. $1 to 1 ½ Million Per Day!
7. More control if co-writer or co-producer
a. Spielberg, Lucas, Coppola, Cameron, Tarentino, etc: get “FINAL CUT”, RARE!
b. Director’s version only on DVD.
Assistant Director, A.D.
• Union: D.G.A., Director’s Guild of America
1. Schedule day’s shoot
2. Arrange logistics: set/location, to crews to greenery to food.
3. Maintains order – producer not director
4. Yells: “Quiet on the Set!”, “Roll ‘em!”, or “Roll it!”
Cameraman & Sound Tech
• Yell Back: “Rolling” or “Speed”
• CLAPBOARD: Slam synchronizes sound with image of film
• CLAPBOARD: NOTES FILM TITLE, SCENE & SHOT NUMBER
• All technical areas have own Unions.
Director’s Commands
• “Action!” - actors begin
• “Cut!” – actors stop
• “Print it!” or “Save it!” or “Take!” – meaning send to lab to process
• “Cut and Hold!” – stop camera everyone stay in place for next scene
Director’s Assistants
• 2nd Assistant Director – Second Crew
o Other Locations
• 3rd (or 2nd 2nd) Assistant Director as needed
o Organize crowd scenes & extras
• 4th Directors Guild of America Trainee.
Director of Photography (D.P.) Cinematographer
• Lights and photographs film
• Uses: View Finder: lenses to look through.
• Unions: I.C.G. = A.S.C.
o International Cinematographers Guild
o American Society of Cinematographers
• Local 600 withing: I.A.T.S.E.
o International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees – join by invitation only
Japan
• Tokyo 1922 – German Expressionism
o The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1919)
• Post WW II
• American Influence
Kurosawa
• Akira Kurosawa – Japan – most honored 20th century Asian Film Director:
o Wrote and direceted Post World War II films.
o For international audience – Before TV
• Rashomon 4 versions same story
• The Seven Samurai
• Throne of Blood
• Ran
Kurosawa Cont.
• Wrote & Directed – post Bomb/Americanization
• Mix of: Traditional (Feudal) & Modern
o Illusion & Reality “Supernatural looks real.”
o Silent & Loud
o Asian and Western
o Epic battles & Small 3 Character Stories
• Great Actors – Child’s Point-of-View
• Brilliant Art Direction – Classical Composition
• SLOW – LEGENDARY – MYTHIC
• Major influence on European & US films.
Kurosawa’s DREAMS
• Americans go to Japan to help their mentor after death of wife/depression:
o Steven Spielberg
o George Lucas
o Martin Scorsese
o Francis Ford Coppola
• Produced 8 college short scripts (1990)
Young Men Not The Only Ticket Buyers
• Twilight: New Moon 3rd biggest opening in history
The People’s Republic of CHINA
• Shanghai cinema capitol 1896
• Post WW II Soviet Influence CENSORSHIP
o 1960’s Cultural Revolution Imprisoned Film Artists
o 1978 liberalization – Western Books/Films Translated
o 1980’s Market economy – Beijing Film School Grads with international Film Festival Awards
• Zhang Yimou: Raise the Red Lantern
o House of Flying Daggers
o Curse of the Golden Flower
• Directed Olympics
Hong Kong
• US/European Trained Film & TV artists
• Martial Arts: Kung Fu & Spectacle
o Bruce Lee
o Jackie Chan
o Yun-Fat Chow
o Jet Li
Taiwan
• European influence from start
• Ang Lee International Director!
• Hollywood: Brokeback Mountain
• Taiwan:
o Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
o Banned in China! Won OSCAR – Best Foreign Film
• Chung Yun-Fat: World’s #1 Actor – Pirates
• Gong Li: #1 Actress
21st Century
1. Digital vs. Film – Blue Ray – Hi. Def.
2. Web Streaming – Pornography Driven
3. I-Max to iPod
4. Games – Viewer wrties story
5. 3-D
6. Green Screen
a. Avatar – James Cameron New Camera
b. Alice in Wonderland – Burton digital adjust
7. New Technology? Hologram?
8. Financial Crash/Writer’s Strike
9. Micro Budget Films