Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Fenestration
|
Construction dealing with the openings of buildings.
|
|
|
CSI
|
Construction Specifications Institute
|
|
|
MasterFormat
|
Organizational tool for CM, without it, construction would collapse under information overload.
|
|
|
Members of CSI
|
Architects and Engineers, Contractors, Owners, Manufacturers/Product reps, Attorneys, Bonding Agents, Code officials, consultants, educators, students
|
|
|
CSI 50 Divisions
|
used to compile construction information in an organized fashion. Used to be 16 divisions, but had to be increased as construction advanced.
|
|
|
Division 01
|
General Requirements Subgroup
|
|
|
Division 02-19
|
Facility Construction Subgroup - Deals with the building components, such as concrete, masonry, wood, plastics, finishes, etc.
|
|
|
Division 20-29
|
Facility Services Subgroup - Deals with movement of water, air and elecricity for things like plumbing, HVAC, electrical, communications, etc.
|
|
|
Division 30-39
|
Site and Infrastructure Subgroup - Deals with earthwork, utilities, transportation and marine construction
|
|
|
Division 40-49
|
Process Equipment Subgroup - deals with getting materials and equipment to the site.
|
|
|
Numbering for CSI divisions
|
Division - Subdivision - sub-subdivision - extension of sub-subdivision. example
03 00 00 - concrete 03 01 00- Maintenance of concrete 03 01 30 - Maintenance of cast in place concrete 03 01 30.51 - Cleaning of Cast in place concrete. |
|
|
Level 1 - Division
|
"03" 00 00
|
|
|
Level 2 - Broad Scope
|
03 "20" 00
|
|
|
Level 3 - Medium Scope
|
03 20 "56"
|
|
|
Level 4 - Narrow Scope
|
03 20 56."35"
|
|
|
Unassigned Divisions in MasterFormat
|
- Don't use them to avoid confusion in case something gets added to that division in the future.
- For user defined sections, consider adding a fifth level. 03 20 56.35.27 |
|
|
Dead Loads
|
- Self weight of the building
- weights of materials and components - can be estimated with greater certainty - calculated based on material Volume*density |
|
|
Live Loads
|
Load whose magnitude and placement vary over time.
- Floor Live Load |
|
|
Floor Live Load
|
- Varies with occupancy type
- generally calculated as uniform loads in PSF, except in special cases (like parking garages, where loads are concentrated on cars' tires) |
|
|
Roof Live Load
|
- Generally 20 psf
- includes weight of repair personnel and temporary storage. - if the roof snow load is greater than the live load, it is used instead. |
|
|
Snow and Rain Loads
|
Built to code based on location
|
|
|
Lateral Loads
|
- Wind Loads
- Earthquake Loads - Earth pressure - Water Pressure - Blast and impact loads |
|
|
Earth Pressure as a load
|
Pressure put on from filled earthwork or cuts into earthwork, think of a retaining wall
|
|
|
Water Pressure as a load
|
Dams and such
|
|
|
Blast and impact loads
|
Loads from bombs or large impacts. Used for buildings expected to be target of attacks or are in high risk areas for impacts.
|
|
|
Wind Load
|
Mostly horizontal, with some upward force on flat and low slope roofs.
To resist these loads, anchor to foundation and make use of wind bracing elements |
|
|
Loads on Building elements
|
- Loads on Linear elements such as beams are given in lb/ft.
- loads on surface elements like floors are given in psf - loads on columns are given in lbs. |
|
|
Diagonal Bracing
|
wind bracing element as used on john hancock building.
|
|
|
Sears tower wind bracing
|
As building gets taller, it gets thinner so wind loads decrease.
|
|
|
Tornadoes
|
Low probability, high potential for destruction. They will destroy whats in their path.
|
|
|
Hurricanes
|
Rotational winds of up to 150 mph. defined as coastal regions where basic wind speed exceeds 90 mph
|
|
|
Design (basic) wind speed
|
- Averaged over 3 second interval
- highest peak 3 second gust during past 50 years - measured at 10 m above the ground because nothing will block it like down on the ground. |
|
|
wind directions and effects
|
draw picture
|
|
|
wind directions and effects on sloped roofs
|
draw picture
|
|
|
wind pressure units
|
PSF
|
|
|
Wind pressure affect
|
Difference between inside air pressure and outside air pressure.
|
|
|
Wind Exposure Categories
|
- Exposure A: Urband and Suburbadn environment
- Exposure B: Downtown - Exposure C: Open country and grasslands - Exposure D: Flat site facing body of water |
|
|
Roof Snow Load Dependencies
|
- Ground Snow Load (set PSF number depending on location)
- Roof Slope - Wind exposure Classification - Building importance |
|
|
Earthquake Effects
|
- Ground Shaking
- Landslides - Surface fractures - Soil liquefaction (shaking it turns it loose) - Tsunamis - Fires |
|
|
Compressive vs. Tensile Strength
|
A rope has tensile strength, it can resist outward force on it very well, but it has no compressive strength, so inward forces fold it.
|
|
|
Testing Compressive strength of Concrete
|
Put into premade canisters of certain strength, put into a vice. if the canister breaks before the concrete, it's not strong enough.
|
|
|
Ductile Materials
|
Show warning signs before failure.
Steel will bend before it breaks. |
|
|
Brittle Materials
|
No warning before failure.
Brick, stone and glass |
|
|
Malleable Materials
|
Materials that can be shaped by hammering, forging, pressing and rolling. Not always ductile.
|
|
|
Elastic Behavior of Materials
|
Material which, when deformed under load, will return to it's original shape.
|
|
|
Plastic behavior of Materials
|
Materials that do not return to original shape when deformed.
|
|
|
Steel aluminum and some plastics
|
Are elastic up to a particular yield stress value, and plastic thereafter.
|
|
|
Shear Stress
|
Stress parallel to the face of a material, causing a bending and making a parallelogram.
|
|
|
Bearing Plates
|
Spreads a load that is too concentrated in order to prevent local crushing
|
|
|
Local Crushing
|
Result of a load being too concentrated
|
|
|
Warnings of Tensile Failure
|
Elongation and necking
think of pulling a piece of gum |
|
|
Safety Margin
|
(Actual Strength)/(Required strength)
|
|
|
Factor of Safety
|
(Failure Stress)/(Allowable Stress)
|
|
|
Elements of Foundation Systems
|
- Footings
- Deep Systems - Piles - Caissons -Foundation walls |
|
|
Caissons
|
underground concrete columns, used to get under bad soils
|
|
|
Function of foundation Systems
|
- Transfer loads
- carry live loads - carry dead loads |
|
|
Underpinning
|
solution for a cracked foundation that was built on bad soil. Caisson like device is put deep into ground to get to good soil, has shelf to hold foundation
|
|
|
Foundation Wall Systems
|
- Poured in Place concrete
- Usually reinforced with rebar. - Precast - Cold no worries about cold weather adding time - CMUs - Can be reinforced |
|
|
Concrete Buckets
|
Not used much any more
|
|
|
Types of Piles
|
- Timber piles
- Steel Tube piles - Steel H piles (think metal joist turned vertical) - Precast Concrete |
|
|
Soil Compaction
|
Pores in the soil are squeezed out with weight put on the soil.
|
|
|
Why is water in soil bad?
|
Increased Compaction. soil will fall down per se.
|
|
|
Soil compaction testing
|
Probe will tell how much pressure it takes to move through the soil.
|
|
|
Modes of Heat Transfer
|
- Conduction: movement of heat between molecules in a solid
- Radiation - Heat transfer from electromagnetic rays - Convection: Heat transfer through rising air or gas of some kind |
|
|
Thermal Resistivity
|
Property of a material to resist heat flow.
|
|
|
Thermal Insulator
|
Material with a high R Value
|
|
|
Thermal Conductor
|
Material with a low R Value
|
|
|
Calculating R Value
|
(thermal Resistance)(thickness)
Ex. Concrete has a thermal resistance of .15. For a 16 inch thick wall: (.15)(16)= .9 |
|
|
Emissivity
|
The property of the surface of an object that refers to it's potential to emit radiation.
|
