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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hollywood Ignores WW II
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• 3 Films – European immigrant directors
1. CONFESSIONS OF A NAZI – Spy – 1939 2. THE GREAT DICTATOR – 1940 comedy, Charlie Chaplin 3. FOREIGN CORRESPONDENT – 1941, Alfred Hitchcock, top British director • US declares war: Pearl Harbor 1941 • US Loses 1st Japanese Battle – US ANGRY! |
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World War II
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• FILM SCHOOLS to train the young
o 1st Communist Russia o 2nd Fascist Italy o 3rd Nazi Germany o 4th Prague: FAMU – Democratic, then Nazi, then Communist, now Democratic again. o US Film School not until 1970’s: USC & UCLA o NYU to train independent, non-Hollywood artists – and business professions – U.M. |
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Pre World War II
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• Russian films Propaganda, but brilliant!
• German films exceptional. • Propaganda but great. o Moved filmmaking from Bablesberg-Berlin to Prague to avoid bombing • Barrandov Film Studios o Both industries destroyed during war. |
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Hollywood joins Propaganda
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• US joins Europe using film for propaganda
• THE WAY WE FIGHT o Series of 7 Documentaries o Top directors “teach audiences” o Free: started war support. • Everyone fights Nazis o Tarzan o Mickey Mouse o 3 Stooges |
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Hollywood Wins War
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• Hollywood at peak of success during war
• The swing shift o Women work around clock o Movies play 24 hours, ESCAPE! COMEDY! o All movies patriotic & pro democracy o 25% of ticket supports war bonds o Government supports Hollywood: free airplanes, reservists as extras, some shown for free. |
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End of War in US
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• Men return handicapped and mentally ill
• Women back to kitchen – Angry • Atomic Bomb – end of world? • Russian Allies – now enemies • 56% of world is Communist • Space Race – Russia ahead |
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Post World War Genres
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“Social Realism”
• 1. Alcoholism: LOST WEEKEND • 2. Racism: PINKIE o Southern Black woman passes as white in north. • 3. Mental Illness: THE SNAKE PIT o Housewife accidentally placed in insane asylum. • 4. Prejudice: Anti Semitism – Blacks: GENTLEMAN’S AGREEMENT o Jewish man can’t get hotel room. |
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WAR GENRE
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1. War is major action of film
SAVING PRIVATE RYAN 2. War is background for action BRIDGE ON THE RIVER KWAI 3. War is Hell APOCALYPSE NOW |
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FILM NOIR GENRE
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1. Low Underbelly of Urban Life
2. Hero has Greek classic flaw 3. Macho Hero trapped in downward spiral 4. Strong Women = spider woman a. Use sexuality to seduce, control & destroy 5. Excellent writing – Good crime novels 6. Fluid Camera – cameramen shot war documentaries |
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THE CABINET OF DR. CALAGARI
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• German EXPESSIONISM (1919)
• We see inside character’s mind. • Distorted scenery to show nightmare mind. • Distorted makeup to suggest insanity/evil • Black and White. Light and dark contrast. |
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Docu Drama Genre
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• Shot on location to be real, Used real people. Based on real life stories
• Fluid camera movement. • NORTHSIDE 777 o Jewish Immigrant in Chicago sent to electric chair then real killer found • THE HOUSE ON 92 STREET o Nest of Nazi spies |
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Atomic Scare Genre
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• HORROR FILMS caused by Atomic Energy
o THEM – Giant Ants o THE THING – Monster from outer space • FEAR OF COMMUNISM o They are everywhere! |
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Science Fiction Genre
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• Results of Science – Good & Bad
• Discovery • Experimentation • Special Effects • Exploration of Space • Extraterrestrial – AVATAR |
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Thriller Genre
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• What happens next…!
• White knuckles • Excitement and Nervous tension • Effect it has on audience! • PSYCHO • SILENCE OF THE LAMBS |
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House Un-American Activities Committee 1947
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• HUAC
• J. Parnell Thomas – chairman. To weed out communists who were Govt. spies. o Made Hollywood liberals testify in Washington, DC o Later convicted of embezzlement – prison • Most were scared to lose jobs – sold soul • Those who refused to testify were put on BLACK LIST – Never work again! |
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Black List
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• THE HOLLYWOOD 10 (1948)
• 8 Writers • 1 Producer • 1 Director • Refused to tesify, Sentenced to 2 years, Served 13 months in jail. o Dalton Trumbo Ghost Wrote: • THE BRAVE ONE |
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McCarthyism 1950+
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• Senator Joespeh McCarthy –
• Cold War “anti-communist” • Spies in State Department • Spies on Truman White House • McCarthy Hearings 1954 black list Hollywood. • Truman used McCarthy’s fall to attack HAUC • Edward R. Morrow’s TV attack. o GOOD NIGHT AND GOOD LUCK o George Clooney co-wrote |
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Pre War Genres
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• Genres: films that share conventions.
• Popular – made over and over. |
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Comedy
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• Makes us laugh and forget out problems
• Types: 1. Slapstick = Physical 2. Verbal 3. Situation 4. Character |
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Western Genre
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1. Good Guys – Bad Guys
2. Set in American West: L.A. 3. Indians noble or Evil 4. Cowboys Range – Farmers Fences-Town: Sheriff, Madame, School Teacher 5. Outlaws 6. Shoot Out 7. Hero knows how to die |
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Action – Adventure
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1. Fast Paced
2. Physical – martial arts 3. Violence – evil 4. Explorer – Exotic Locals 5. Survival – Impossible mission 6. Spectacle – JAMES BOND, INDIANA JONES, & AVATAR |
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Biography – Biopic
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1. Famous life stories fit film formula
a. PATTON b. GANDI c. LAWRENCE OF ARABIA d. MALCOM X |
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Musicals
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1. High Emotion = Song and Dance
2. Happy Ending a. SINGING IN THE RAIN b. WIZZARD OF OZ c. SOUND OF MUSIC d. CABARET e. CHICAGO f. NINE |
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Mystery
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1. Crime & Detective
2. Suspense! 3. Try to Solve Crime a. AGATHA CHRISTIE b. MURDER SHE WROTE c. MURDER ON THE ORIENT EXPRESS |
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Crime
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1. Underworld vs. Law Enforcement
2. GANGSTERS, Mob, Drug Dealers, Racketeers & Ganges vs. Cops, Private Eyes, Detectives, Judges, Lawyers 3. CSI, THE MENTALIST, LA LAW |
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Fantasy
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• Improbable – Impossible Characters and Events
o TRIP TO THE MOON o LORD OF THE RINGS o INTERVIEW OF A VAMPIRE o HARRY POTTER o AVATAR |
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Melodrama
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• Makes us Cry!
1. Real life stereotypes – beautiful people 2. Strong emotion! 3. Someone dies: TB, Cancer, AIDS, War |
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Romance Tragedy
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• Unhappy ending – MOST POPULAR!
• Unrequited Love • Reminds us of our first break-up • Someone Dies! ROMEO AND JULIET • CASABLANCA – “We’ll always have Paris!” • TITANIC • BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN – Gay love |
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Romance Comedy
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• Romantic Comedy
o WITTY DIALOGUE – THYTHM OF LOVE • Battle of Sexes – Happy ending. • “SCREWBALL COMEDY” o Golden Age (1934-1944) Depression/War o Rich, Sophisticated, Elegance o Women strong professional – upper class o Bumbling Men turned-on but refused, o Painful, pleasant ride, to get the girl. |
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Romantic Comedies 1950’s
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• Psycho antics – Psychoanalysis
• Dark, dirty, little secrets o “Nobody’s Perfect!” • SOME LIKE IT HOT |
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Romantic Comedies 1960’s
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• SEXUAL REVOLUTION killed romance.
o Sexual Freedom = no conflict – no drama • Women disappear. • Buddy Films o Paul Newman and Robert Redford • STING, SUNDANCE KID o John Voight |
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Romantic Comedies 1980’s
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• AIDS ends freedom. You can die from sex.
• Confusion of: • Female having it all and still raising a family • Sex not necessarily physical: o PRETTY WOMAN – Cinderella made Julia Roberts a star. |
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Romantic Comedy 21st
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• MIX:
• Fantasy o THE PRINCE AND ME o CHARMED o BEAUTY AND THE BEAST o VAMPIRE THEME ROMANCE = AIDS • New Realities o BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN – Heath Ledger o AMERICAN BEAUTY |
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Mise-En-Scene
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• All aspects of the film: Director/Designer
• Design – look of film • Composition – actors in camera frame. • Blocking – movement of actors & objects turning psychology into behavior • Choreography – Heightened emotion becomes dance. |
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Production Designer
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Supervises Film Visual
• Art Director (Drafting or Architecture) • Sketch Artist – Storyboards • Cinematographer – camera and lights |
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Settings
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• Backdrop and acting space for character.
1. Information – narrative: who, what, when, where, why 2. Emotional Mood 3. Character’s state of mind |
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Rise of Television
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• 1920’s 1st TV show
• TV ready to market before World War II • War stops production! • 1948 NYC, Chicago, Philadelphia, Washington D.C. rich buy TVs o 2-3 channels, 3 hours a night, 12 inch sets. • 1950’s 7-8 channels, 16 inch sets East Coast • 1970’s only 3 channels in Miami & US |
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Paramount Consent Decree
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• Court orders Hollywood to obey SHERMAN ANTI-TRUST ACT
• Called Paramount Consent Decree: Studios had to sell movie theatres that showed their films. • Loss of revenue – All studios failures by 1950’s |
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Hollywood Fights Back
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1. Buy Hit Broadway Musicals & Plays
2. Broadway Stars become Hollywood Stars 3. Teenage Audiences – Elvis 4. Rent Film Studios to TV Companies |
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Wide Screens
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New Technology
• 3-D (3 dimension Films) • Cinerama – Huge, curved screens. o 3 Cameras – 35 mm film – 7 track sound • Cinemascope – ANAMORPHIC LENS o Great for Epics not Love Scenes • Smell-O-Vision – Odors • Todd A O – Better definition 70mm wide screen o 6 track sound (became sound company) |
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Stereophonic Sound
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1. Created by Walt Disney for FANTASIA
a. Animation film – classical music score 2. Left and Right Speakers – lost money! 3. Disney uses TV Shows to market Films and Disneyland |
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IMAX
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• End of 20th Century
• 70 mm film, reel on side • 10 times size of standard screen • Terrible for love scenes. • Combine IMAX screen & 3-D • Animation now using it. UP! ALICE IN WONDERLAND • Computer adjusted. • AVATAR – 3 CAMERA 1 Projector |
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History of African Americans in Hollywood
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1. 5 min. short Black MINSTREL SHOWS
2. White actors in BLACK FACE 1895-1905 3. UNCLE TOM’S CABIN a. Film with Edwin Porter in Black Face as Uncle Tom – 1st stereotype of docile black. 4. BIRTH OF A NATION a. White actors in Black Face – racial riots |
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OUR GANG Comedies
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1. Hal Roach produces children’s show
2. With Farina played by black child actress. 3. NO RACISM |
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Halleluia
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• 1st all black MGM Musical – 1929
o Steroptypes o Another Financial failure |
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Steppin Fetchit
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• 1st BLACK STAR 1930’s NEGATIVE!
1. Dim witted, lazy image 2. Didn’t help other black actors 3. Accused of wife abuse 4. Career over by end of 30’s |
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Bill “Bojangles” Robinson
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• 2nd BLACK STAR
1. Positive Role Model – 2. But always butler 3. Films with Shirley Temple 4. Thousands mourned death, NYC school closed |
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Paul Robeson
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• 3rd BLACK STAR
1. Son of slave 2. Phi Beta Kappa at Rutgers 3. All American athlete 4. Top Baritone singer of age 5. Fled US for Russia in early 50 6. Communist politics destroy his career 7. Returns to obscurity and dies alone 1976 |
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Gone with the Wind
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• Hattie Mac Daniel – Played Maid
• WON BEST SUPPORTING ACTRESS • 1st Academy Award – Oscar |
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Blacks in World War II
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1. Blacks fight in segregated troops.
2. Blacks sit in back of theatres, behind whites and German prisoners. 3. Lena Horn sings to back rows of Black soldiers |
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Black Scenes Cut From Movies Shown in South
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• Nicholas Brothers only act not cut out of films shown to Southern Audiences.
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Walter White persuades Jewish Film Producers to cast Blacks
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1. Walter White: Head of NAACP. Gets Studios to cast and pay Black Stars
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Stormy Weather
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1. 1st musical with glamorous all black cast
2. Introduced Lena Horn a. 1st 7 year MGM contract for black b. 1st glamorous black woman in film |
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Sidney Portier
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• 1st Black to win Best Actor
• Lilies of the Filed – 1963 o Black worker for white nuns |
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Carmen Jones
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• Harry Belfonte & Dorthy Dandridge
• 1st Black Sex Symbols • Diann Carrol o Makes screen debut as beautiful star |
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Island in the Sun
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• Belfonte & Dandridge – black
• Joan Fontaine – white star • Inter-racial romance but no kissing • BIG HIT! |
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Porgy and Bess
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• George Gershwin Opera
• Sidney Portier stars • Dandridge’s last screenplay o Un-hired – |
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A Rasin in the Sun
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• 1st black film showing true aspiriations of blacks – based on Broadway hit. 1961
• Balacks relate to Backs not to Whites. |
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Guess who’s coming to dinner 1967
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• Sidney Portier
o Katherine Hepburn o Spencer Tracey • White girl brings Black fiancé home to meet parents • Kiss seen in rear view mirror • Last integration film of decade • Rest are all on violence |
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Jim Brown
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• Football Great = Action Star
• BAD ASS BLACK MAN • Love scene with white Raquel Welch |
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The Great White Hope
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• James Earl Jones 1970
• Jane Alexander • 1st Inter-Racial Couple in Bed • Both received oscar nominations, NO WINS |
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Blaxpolitation Films
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• Early 70’s Films by Blacks for Blacks
• Early 80’s Black is out – riots in ghetto • John Hughes independent films: o HAIRSPRAY • Interracial Dating • Fat romantic lead, mother male in drag • John Travolta in Musical Film version last. |
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Personality Actors
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• Actors who take their personas from role to role
• Cary Grant – Mae West – Darlene Dietrich • Tom Cruise – Tom Hanks – Brad Pitt • Judy Garland – Julia Roberts • Jennifer Anniston – Angelina Jolie |
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2. Character Actors
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• Actors who deliberately play against our expectations of their personas
• Dustin Hoffman – Robin Williams • Meryl Streep – Sally Field • Michael Cane – Marlon Brando • Al Pacino – Ray Liotta – UM Grad. |
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3. Chameleon Actors
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• Actors seem different in every role
o Johnny Depp o Sean Penn o Eddie Murphy o Jack Nicholson o Charlize Theron o Robert Duvall |
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Sports or Music Stars
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• Actors with success in sports-music who bring their persona to the role.
o Madonna o Diane Ross o Dwayne Johnson “The Rock” UM Grad |
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Types of Acting
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• Silent Film acting is big
• Modern acting is subtle • Technical Acting – European – British o Johnny Depp – Michael Cane – Julie Andrews • Method Acting – US o Sean Penn – Sally Field – Dustin Hoffman • Improvisation |
