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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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camper with bad smelling diarrhea/flatulence
- cause - forms - dx - tx |
Giardia lamblia
drink cyst in water --> becomes trophozoite which coats intestine (does NOT invade!) dx = cysts or trophozoites in stool tx:metronidazole |
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Trichomonas vaginalis
- what it is - sx - dx - tx |
protozoal STD
vaginitis-itching/burning, bad smelling....may have greenish discharge see motile trophozoites on wet mount! tx = metronidazole |
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Chagas' disease
- cause - how transmitted - where found - sx - dx - treatment |
Trypanosoma cruzi (American trypanosome)
vector = kissing bug (Reduviid bug) in South/Central America, Mexico Acute- chagoma (hard red area at site of bite), fever, swollen LNs, heart/CNS-encephalitis Intermediate- asymptomatic but low levels of parasite in blood (most ppl remain here) Chronic-dilated cardiomyopathy/arrhytmias, megacolon, megaesophagus dx- blood smear tx= benznidazole or nifurtimox |
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African sleeping sickness
- cause - how transmitted - symptoms - dx - treatment |
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (W. African) or rhodesiense (E. African)
(rhodesiense more severe --> faster death) vector = TSETSE FLY bite --> red, painful ulcer --> trypomastigote spreads in blood --> enlarged LNs, recurring fever due to antigenic variable surface antigen variation (recurs qseveral wks)-lasts months --> sleepy, coma, death dx- blood smear tx- SURamin or MELArsoprol (SURE is nice to go to sleep which MELAtonin causes) |
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what does tsetse fly transmit?
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African sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense/rhodesiense |
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what is spread by sandfly?
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Leishmania
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causes and types of Leishmania
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1. Leishmania donovani
2. Leishmania chagasi (these two cause Visceral) 3. Leishmania tropica 4. Leishmania major 5. Leishmania braziliensis - cutaneous (simple or diffuse) - mucocutaneous - visceral |
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Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar)
- cause - how transmitted - sx - dx - treatment |
Leishmania donovani or Leishmania chagasi
transmitted by Sandfly sx- MASSIVE heaptosplenomegaly with abdominal distension, fevers, pancytopenia multiplies in phagocytic cells in liver/spleen sx- liver/spleen bx- MACROPHAGES full of amastigotes (or serology) tx = Sodium stibogluconate |
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kala-azar
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visceral leishmaniasis
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causes of malaria
which have dormant forms? |
1. Plasmodium falciparum
2. Plasmodium vivax 3. Plasmodium ovale 4. Plasmodium mlariae Vivax and ovale have dormant forms in liver ("hypnozoites") --> relapsing malaria |
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vector for malaria
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Anophales mosquito
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malaria life cycle
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mosquito bites --> sporozoites invade bloodstream --> invade liver cells --> become trophozoite --> nucleus divides x 1000s --> "schizont" w/ merozoites inside --> bursts --> merozoites enter RBCs --> becomes trophozoite ("diamond ring") --> schizont full of merozoites --> bursts --> fever. some become male/female gametocytes --> mosquito eats --> sexual reproduction inside mosquito --> oocyst --> sporozoites in salivary glands
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malaria dx
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rbc w/ trophozoite "diamond ring"
schizont with merozoites (basically looks like a wavy RBC filled with small things) |
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malaria sx
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cyclic fever q2-3d, chills, SWEATS. h/a. anemia. splenomegaly.
falciparum is the worst...cerebral malaria--seizures, coma |
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tx malaria
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- quinine
- artemether - mefloquine - sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine - atavequon-proguanil - chloroquine resistance common |
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what does rduviid bug transmit?
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kissing bug
Trypanosoma cruzi |
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Babesiosis
- cause - vector - sx - where - dx - tx |
Babesia microtti (reservoir = white-footed mouse)
Babesia divergens vector = Ixodes scapularis tick (same as Lyme!) NE U.S. ie Nantucket Island fever & hemolytic anemia (mild unless asplenic) dx- blood smear- maltese cross (RBC w/ 4 merozoites), also trophozoite rings......no RBC pigment tx- quinine, clindamycin |
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maltese cross
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4 merozoites inside RBC = babesia!
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what protozoan causes severe diarrhea in AIDs, mild if healthy?
- how do you get it - dx - tx |
Cryptosporidium (this is a PROTOZOAN!!)
- ingest cysts in water (or day care, travelers) - mild/self limiting if healthy - severe in AIDs and very difficult to treat :( ACID FAST!!! ....similar to: Isospora belli, Cyclospora cayetanensis (also acid fast!!) |
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which malaria meds increase hemolysis if G6PD deficiency?
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1. quinine
2. cloroquine 3. primaquine (to prevent relapse by vivax/ovale) |
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Toxoplasma gondiaa
- sx - how caught - when causes disease - tx |
- many presentations
ie fever, LNs, pneumonia, meningitis - brain abscess in HIV w/ ring enhancing lesion catch it from: - raw meat (ie PORK) - cat feces fetal toxo (Torches)- blindness, seizures, microcephaly, mental retardation, death most toxic to: 1) brain 2) eyes- look for inflammation/cottony patches on retina tx = sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine |
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Entamoeba histolytica
- diseases caused - how transmitted - dx - tx |
Amebiasis
- bloody diarrhea (type of dysentery) - liver abscess/RUQ pain ingest cysts in water (fecal-oral) --> becomes trophozoite --> feeds on RBCs, invades - bloodstream-liver/lung abscesses dx: serology or cysts/trophozoites in stool OR RBCs INSIDE the trophozoites!! (they eat them!) cysts have 4 nuclei. tx: metronidazole, followed by iodoquinol which kills specifically intraluminal amoebas |
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freshwater lake swimming + rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis in HEALTHY people
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Naegleria fowleri
enters via cribiform plate. presentation similar to bacterial meningitis. find amoebas in spinal fluid! 95% die :( similar to acanthamoeba (bigger problem in AIDS) & Balamuthia (causes a slower granulomatous encephalitis in healthy ppl or in AIDS) all are fresh water free-living amoebas |
