Cm 1020 Vocab

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Design Process

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the organized and orderly approach to solving problems. It uses society's needs, desires, and problems by applying scientific principles, experience, and creativity

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Concurrent engineering

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a systematic approach that integrates the design and manufacture of products with the goal of optimizing all elements involved in the life cycle of the product.

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Life cycle design

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all aspects of a product (disposal, development, production, etc.) are considered simultaneously.

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Computer Aided Design (CAD)

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allows for a range of activities, from modeling 2D and 3D geometry to creating drawings that document the design for manufacturing and legal considerations

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Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)

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provides computerized control for manufacturing processes.

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Computer-aided Engineering (CAE)

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allows users to simulate and analyze structures that will be subject to various temperatures, static loads, or fluctuating loads. Also for kinematic analysis.

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Product Data Management (PDM)

Enterprise Data Management (EDM)

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systems that electronically store the various types of data associated with designing and manufacturing a product.

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Ideation Stage

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stage where many ideas-resonable or otherwise- are collected. Can come from individuals or may be developed in team brainstorming sessions.

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Prototype

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A full-size working model made to final specifications (except, possible, for materials).

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Parametric, constraint-based modeling

/feature-based modeling

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modeling that uses variables to constrain the shape of the geometry.

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Rapid Prototyping

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allows designers to generate parts quickly, directly from 3D models, for mockup and testing.

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Standards

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methods that support a uniform, effective graphic language for use in industry, manufacturing, engineering, and science.

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Reverse Engineering

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a term that refers to designing products based on existing designs, usually through measurement and deconstruction of an existing product.

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Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM)

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Device that aids in speeding the time to reverse engineer some products by using a probe or laser to measure an object. The data can be used in CAD.

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Functional Decomposition

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a term for determining the subfunctions involved in a design and then using those functions to reconstruct a similar product.

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Product Definition

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refers to the range of digital or hard copy documents that specify the physical and functional requirements for a product.

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Station Point

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the observer's eye or location of viewing

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Plane of projection

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also known as the picture plane. How an object appears as you look at it from your perspective

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Projectors

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visual rays or lines of sight. Invisible lines that go from the station point to the plane of projection around an object's outline.

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Piercing points

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the locations where the projectors would pierce the projection plane

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Perspective projections

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the projectors come together at the station point to form a cone. (how they would appear in a photograph)

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Parallel projections

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the projectors are parallel to each other

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Orthographic projections

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a type of parallel projection in which the parallel projectors are perpendicular to the plane of projection.

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Oblique projection

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the parallel projectors are not perpendicular to the plane of projection

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Multiview projection

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shows one or more necessary views. Uses either third angle or first angle

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drawing lines

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specific line patterns that each represent object features

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Lettering

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the shapes of letters that are easy to read and write are described as part of drawing standards

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Measurement systems

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The 2 measurement systems are Metric and U.S. Customary units

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Scale

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A way to convey important information or features of a particularly large or small object in your drawing.

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Title Blocks

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company information, the drawing scale, sheet size, and other information. Often located in Lower right corner

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Thick Lines

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lines that are ~0.6mm

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Thin lines

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lines that are ~0.3mm

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Construction lines

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rough, light lines used for accurately drawing certain features by hand.

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drawing scale

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the reduction or enlargement of the drawn object relative to the real object

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Scales

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Measuring tools used to quickly enlarge or reduce drawing measurements

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Architects scale

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scale intended primarily for drawings of buildings, piping systems, and other large structures that must be drawn to a reduced scale.

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Zones

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letters and numbers in the margin used to indicate particular parts of a drawing.

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Layout

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a particular size sheet with a drawing border

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Regular polyhedron

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a solid with equal, regular polygons

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Prism

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these have two bases which are parallel and equal polygons

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Pyramid

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these have a polygon for a base and triangular lateral faces that intersect at a common point called a vertex.

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Torus

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these have a double-curved boundary surface. Like a donut

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contour

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the main outlines that separate an object from the surrounding space

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Negative space

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the unoccupied space around an object

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Hatching

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method to add shading. Darkened areas contain more hatching lines

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Shading

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gives sketches a more realistic appearance by representing the way the actual object would reflect light.

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Edge (of object)

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formed where two surfaces intersect

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Vertex (of object)

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formed where three or more surface intersect

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Point

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used to represent a location in space

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Proportion

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the size and position of each part of an object in relation to the whole.

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Pictorial Sketch

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sketch that represents a 3D object on a sheet of 2D paper by orienting the object so you can see its width, height, and depth in a single view.

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Isometric

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term that means "equal measure".

Also, the most common axonometric projection

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foreshortening

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the shortening of a line depending on its angle to the plane of projection

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Isometric, dimetric, and trimetric foreshortening.

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isometric has equal foreshortening along each of the three axis directions.

Dimetric has equal foreshortening along two axis directions but different on the third.

Trimetric has different foreshortening along all three axis directions.

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Isometric angles

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the projections of the edges of an isometric cube make angles of 120 degrees

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nonisometric lines

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lines of an isometric drawing that are not parallel to the isometric axes.

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Isometric scale

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used in drawing correct isometric projections. The distances in the scale are sqrt(2/3) x true size or ~80%

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Isometric Projection

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isometric drawing with foreshortened measurements

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Isometric sketch/drawing

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isometric drawing that lack foreshortening

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Normal

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a term used to mean "at right angles"

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offset measurements

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measurements made to show the distances between locations of an object when transcribing from a 2D drawing to a 3D isometric drawing

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Cavalier projection

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an oblique drawing in which the projectors make an angle of 45 degrees with the plane of projection

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Cabinet projection

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a type of oblique projection in which the receding lines are drawn to half size

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Receding Lines

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the lines that move from the front of an object in an oblique drawing to the back of the object. Represent depth

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Perspective pictorials

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these most closely approximate the view produced by the human eye

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Vanishing point

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the point at which the projectors converge in a perspective drawing

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One-point perspective

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the resulting image when an object sits with one face parallel to the plane of projection. Only one vanishing point required.

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Two-point perspective

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resulting image when an object sits at an angle to the picture plane but with vertical edges parallel to the picture plane. Requires 2 vanishing points.

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Three-point perspective

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resulting image when an object sits with none of its principal edges parallel to the picture plane. Requires 3 vanishing points

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Horizon Line

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a horizontal line in a perspective sketch that represents the eye level of the observer

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Folding lines

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representation of the hinge lines of the glass box in a drawing

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Three regular views

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the top, front, and right-side views

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Necessary views

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The minimum required views to completely and clearly describe the object.

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third-angle projection

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