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137 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5 Heart Block
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(LSD Loves Company)
Lyme Dz; Salmonella; Chagas; Legionella; Diphtheria |
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Reiter's Syndrome
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Shigella, Yersinia, Crohn's, IBD, Chlamydia
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Low Complement Bugs
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(I AM HE) = Influenza, Adenovirus, Mycoplasma, Hep B & C, EBV
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Drugs Induced SLE
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(HIPPPE) = Hydralazine, INH, Penicillamine, Procainamide, Phenytoin, Ethosuximide
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Drugs that blast the BM
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(ABC-V) = AZT, Benzene, Chloramphenecol, Vinblastin
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Comma Shaped Bugs
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Vibrio, Campylobacter, Listeria, H. pylori
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Chinese letters
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Corynbacter
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Crescent Shaped Protozoa
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Giardia lambdia
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TB Treatments
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(PRISE) = Pyrazinamide, Rifampin, INH, Streptomycin, Ethambutol
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6 low complement associated nephrotic syndromes
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serum sickness, SLE, SBE, PSGN, MPGN II, Cryoglobulinemia
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Induce P450
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(BAG for CPR QTS)
Barbiturates, Alcohol, Griseofulvin, Carbamazepine, Phenytoin, Rifampin, Quinidine, Tetracyclines, Spironolactones |
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Inhibit P450
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(I'D SMACK Quin)
INH, Dapsone, Sulfa drugs, Macrolides, Amiodarone, Cimetadine, Ketoconazole, Quinolones |
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P450 Dependent
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(WEPTeD)
Warfarin, Estrogen, Phenytoin, Theophylline, Digoxin |
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SE of Statins
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Myositis, Hepatitis, incr Liver enzymes
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Painful Genital lesions
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Herpes, Chancroid (H.ducreyi), Lymphogranuloma venerum, Lymphomuloma inguinale
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Disulfide Bonds
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(PIGI) = Prolactin, Inhibin, GH, Insulin
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Hookworms
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Necatar Americanis, Enterobius Vermicularis, Ankylostoma Duodenale, Trichuris Trichurium, Ascaris Lumbroicoides, Strongyloides
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X-linked Enzyme Deficiencies
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(Fabry & Lesh go Hunting for Candy, Pie and Gum)
G6PD, CGD (NADPH), Fabry's, Hunter's, Lesh-Nyhan |
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Screen Newborns
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(Please Check Before Going Home)
PKU, Congenital Adrenal, Hyperplasia, Biotidinase, Galactosemia, Hypothyroidism |
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Action of Steroids
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(KIIISS) = Kills T-cells and Eosinophils; Inhibit macrophage migration; Inhibit Phospholipase A; Inhibit mast cell degranulation; Stabilizes endothelium; Stimulates protein synthesis
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Causes of Severe Monocytosis
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(STELS) = Salmonella, TB, EBV, Listeria, Syphilis
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Macrolides
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(MACE) = macrolides; Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin
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1 dose Tx for Chlamydia
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Azithromycin
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"Big Mama" Anaerobes
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Strep. Bovis; Bacteriodes fragilis, C. melango-septicus; C. difficile
R/O colon cancer if positive S. bovis or C. melango-septicus |
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Tx for "Big Mama" anaerobes
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Methronidazole, Clindamycin, Cefoxitin
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Serum Values for Low Volume State
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Decrease -->K, Na, Cl
Increase --> pH, BP |
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1 dose Tx for Gonorrhea
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Ceftrioxone, Cefixime, Cefoxitin
Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Gatifloxicin |
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Psammoma bodies
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Papillary CA of Thyroid
Serous Cystadenoma of ovary Meningioma Mesothelioma |
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Drugs that cause Cardiac fibrosis
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Adriamycin (Doxorubycin)
Phen-Fen |
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Indications for Peptic Ulcer Dz
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(IHOP) = Intractable Pain, Hemorrhage, Obstruction, Perforation
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Urease +ve Bacteria
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(PPUNCHeS) = Proteus, Pseudomonas, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Norcardia, Cryptococcus neoformans, H. pylori, S. saprofiticus
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Drugs that cause Pulmonary Fibrosis
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(BBAT) = Bleomycin, Busulfan, Amiodarone, Tocainide
methotrexate, cormustine |
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Salmonella Typhi
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High fever, Rose spots, Intestinal fire, Monocytosis, Heart block
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Drugs that cause Myositis
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(RIPS) = Rifampin, INH, Prednisone (steroids), Statins
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Encapsulated Bacteria
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(Some Strange Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsules)
Strep. Pneumonia, Salmonella, Klebsiella, H. Flu B, Pseudomonas, Neisseria, Citrobacter |
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Encapsulated Yeast
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Cryptococcus
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Jones Criteria
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(JONES) = Polyarthritis (Joints), Carditis, Nodules subcutaneous, Erythema marginatum, Sydenham chorea
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IgA Nephropathies
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Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura (HSP)
Berger's Alport's |
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Massive Eosinophilia
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(NAACP) = Neoplasms, Allergies/ Asthma, Addison's, Collagen Vascular Dz, Parasites
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Risk Factors for Primary Liver Cancer?
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Hep B and C, Aflatoxin, Vinyl Chloride, Alcohol, Carbon Tetrachloride, Anyline dyes, Smoking, Hemochromatosis, Benzene, Schistosomiasis
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9 Live Vaccines
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Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Oral Polio, Rotavirus, Small Pox, BCG, Yellow Fever, Varicella
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Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
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PTU, Cephalosporins, alpha-methyldopa, Sulfa drugs, Anti-malarials, Penicillin
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Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia
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Aspirin, Heparin, Quinidine
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Pansystolic Murmurs
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Mitral Regurg., Tricuspid Regurg., Ventrical Septal Defect
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Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors
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Pyremethamine/Sulfadiazine; Triamethroprim/ Sulfamethoxazole; Methotrexate
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Sulfa Containing Drugs
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Sulfonamides, Sulfonylureas, Celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor)
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Silver Staining Bugs
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Legionella, Pneumocystis, H. pylori, Bartonella henselae, Candida
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Blood Gas with RESTRICTIVE lung disease
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Tachypnea, decr CO2, decr O2, incr pH
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Blood Gas with OBSTRUCTIVE lung disease
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Incr or normal pO2, incr pCO2, decr pH
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MI- enzymes
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Troponin I = appears 2hrs; peaks 2 days, gone 7 days
CKMB = appears 6hrs; peaks 12hrs, gone 2 days LDH = appears 1 day; peaks 2 days, gone 3 days |
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Macrophage deficiency
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Chediak Higashi
NADPH-Oxidase def. (CGD) |
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1 dose tx for H. ducreyi
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Azithromycin - 1 gram
Ceftriaxone - 250 mg IM |
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1 dose tx for Gardnerella
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Metronidazole
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SE of Thiazides and Loop diuretics
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Hyperglycemia
Hyperuricemia Hypovolemia Hypokalemia Thiazides = hypercalcemia Others = hypocalcemia |
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Macrophages in Brain?
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Microglia
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Macrophages in Lung?
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Type I Pneumocytes
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Macrophages in Liver?
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Kupffer cells
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Macrophages in Spleen?
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RES cells
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Macrophages in Kidney?
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Mesangial cells
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Macrophages in Lymph nodes?
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Dendritic cells
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Macrophages in Skin?
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Langerhans
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Macrophages in Bone?
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Osteoclasts
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Macrophages in Connective tissue?
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Histiocytes, Giant cells, Epitheloid
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Rashes of Palm and Soles
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(TRiCKSSSS)
TSS = toxic shock Rocky Mt. Spotted Fever Coxsackie A (Hand Foot & Mouth dz) Kawasaki Scarlet Fever Syphilis Staph. Scalded Skin Streptobacillus moniliformis |
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4 sources of Renal Acid
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Plasma (RTA); Ammonia production in collecting ducts - 10% urea cycle; Glutaminase; Carbonic Anhydrase
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Hormones Produced by Small Cell CA of Lung
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ACTH (mc), ADH, PTH, TSH, ANP
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1 dose tx for Candidiasis
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Ketoconazole - 150mg
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1 dose tx for Vaginal Candidiasis
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Diflucan - 1 pill
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1 dose tx for Trichomonas
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Metronidazole
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Viruses Related to CA
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HPV = Cervical cancer
EBV = Lymphoma/ Nasopharyngeal carcinoma HVB and HCV = Liver carcinoma HIV = Kaposi |
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NM disease concept
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Restrictive Blood Gas
decr pO2 and pCO2 incr pH, RR Incr risk for seizures Decr Pulmonary Capillary Wedge pressure |
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PIE Syndrome (Pulmonary Infiltrates with Eosinophilia)
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(NASSA) = Necatar Americanus, Ascaris Lumbriocoides, Schistosomiasis, Strongyloides, Ankylostoma
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Enzymes used by B12
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Methyl Malonyl CoA mutase
Homocysteine methyl transferase |
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Increased succeptibility to pseudomonas and S. aureus
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Burn patients
Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Neutropenias |
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Crohn's Disease
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(GIFTS) = Granuloma, Illeum, Fistula, Transmural, Skip lesions
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Causes of Widened S2
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incr pO2
incr volume Right ventricle Blood transfusion Supplemental O2 Right sided heart failure Pregnancy I.V. Fluids ASD (fixed) Deep breathing |
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Cavities of Blood loss
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Pericardium, Intracranial, Mediastinum, Pleural cavity, Thighs, Retroperitoneum, Abdominal, Pelvis
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Negative Stranded RNA
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1-3 week prodromal period before sxms;
Must switch to positive stranded before it can replicate |
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Positive Stranded RNA
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Sxms occure within 1 week or less
Don't have to switch before replicating Exceptions: Hanta, Ebola and Yellow Fever which are negative stranded |
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Cyanotic Heart Diseases
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Transposition of great vessels; Tetralogy of Fallot; Truncus Arterious; Tricuspid Atresia; Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return; Hypoplastic Left Heart syndrome: Ebstein's Anomaly; Aortic Atresia; Pulmonic Atresia
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Less likely to depolarize
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Hypermagnesia
Hypercalcemia (except Atrium) Hypokalemia |
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More likely to depolarize
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Hypomagnesia
Hypocalcemia (except atrium) Hyperkalemia Hypernatremia Hyponatremia (Ca++ effect) |
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Page 6
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PPclue Flash Cards
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T & B-cell Deficiencies
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WAS – Thrombocytopenia, IL-4, Eczema, ↓ IgM --|-- SCID – Adenosine deaminase deficiency, T> B, frameshift/nonsense mutation, ↑ bacterial & fungal infx. --|-- CVID – Tyrosine kinase deficiency, Late onset, frameshift/missense mutation --|-- HIV (HTLV-1) – Effects CD-4 rich tissues (brian, testicles, cervix, rectum, blood vessels), T>B --|-- Job-Buckley Syndrome – red headed female, Tyrosine kinase deficiency
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B-Cell Deficiencies
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Bruton’s Agammaglobulinemia – Tryosine kinase deficiency Leukemias --|-- Lymphomas --|-- See above for those with T-cell overlap --|-- HIV (HTLV-1) – Effects CD-4 rich tissues (brian, testicles, cervix, rectum, blood vessels), T>B --|-- SCID – Adenosine deaminase deficiency, T> B, frameshift/nonsense mutation, ↑ bacterial & fungal infx.
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T-Cell Deficiencies
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DiGeorge’s – hypokalemia, problem with 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches, deletion of chromosome 22 --|-- HIV --|-- See above for those with B-cell overlap --|-- HIV (HTLV-1) – Effects CD-4 rich tissues (brian, testicles, cervix, rectum, blood vessels), T>B --|-- SCID – Adenosine deaminase deficiency, T> B, frameshift/nonsense mutation, ↑ bacterial & fungal infx.
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Electron Transport Chain Poisons, Chemical Uncouplers, Physical Uncouplers
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Electron Transport Chain --|-- Poisons --|-- Complex I…….Amytal, Rotenone --|-- Complex II……Malonate --|-- Complex III…..Antimycin --|-- Complex IV…..CN, CO, Chloramphenicol --|-- Complex V……Oligomycin --|-- --|-- Chemical Uncouplers --|-- DNP --|-- Free Fatty Acids --|-- --|-- Physical Uncouplers - Aspirin
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Electron Transport Chain Poisons
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Complex I…….Amytal, Rotenone
Complex II……Malonate Complex III…..Antimycin Complex IV…..CN, CO, Chloramphenicol Complex V……Oligomycin |
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Electron Transport Chain Chemical Uncouplers
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Chemical Uncouplers --|-- DNP --|-- Free Fatty Acids --|--
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Electron Transport Chain Physical Uncouplers
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Physical Uncouplers - Aspirin
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Places where Amino Acids feed in/out of TCA Cycle
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Pyruvate…………..Gly, Ala, Ser
Acetyl CoA……….Phe, Iso, Thr, Tyr, Lys, Leu α-ketogluterate……Glu, Gln Succinyl CoA…….Phe, Trp, Tyr Fumerate………….Pro Oxaloacetate………Asp, Asn |
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Amino Acid Deficiencies
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PKU – Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency, needed to make tyrosine, leads to a lack of Dopamine, Epi and Norepi, melanin --|-- Maple Syrup Urine Disease – deficiency in branched amino acids (Leu, Lys, Val), defective transport in the kidneys --|-- Cystinuria – Cystathione synthase deficiency; cysteine, ornithine, lysine and Arginine end up in urine, stones --|-- --|-- --|-- --|-- --|--
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Thr – (Amino Acid Abbreviation stands for : )
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Threonine
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Cys – (Amino Acid Abbreviation stands for : )
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Cysteine
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Tyr – (Amino Acid Abbreviation stands for : )
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Tyrosine
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Asn – (Amino Acid Abbreviation stands for : )
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Asparagine
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Gln – (Amino Acid Abbreviation stands for : )
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Glutamine
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Asp – (Amino Acid Abbreviation stands for : )
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Aspartic Acid
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Glu – (Amino Acid Abbreviation stands for : )
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Glutamic Acid
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Lys – (Amino Acid Abbreviation stands for : )
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Lysine
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Arg – (Amino Acid Abbreviation stands for : )
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Arginine
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His – (Amino Acid Abbreviation stands for : )
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Histidine
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Gly – (Amino Acid Abbreviation stands for : )
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Glycine
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Ala – (Amino Acid Abbreviation stands for : )
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Alanine
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Val – (Amino Acid Abbreviation stands for : )
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Valine
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Leu – (Amino Acid Abbreviation stands for : )
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Leucine
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Iso – (Amino Acid Abbreviation stands for : )
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Isoleucine
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Met – (Amino Acid Abbreviation stands for : )
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Methionine
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Phe – (Amino Acid Abbreviation stands for : )
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Phenylalanine
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Trp – (Amino Acid Abbreviation stands for : )
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Tryptophan
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Pro – (Amino Acid Abbreviation stands for : )
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Proline
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Ser – (Amino Acid Abbreviation stands for : )
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Serine
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Give the amino acid in this subgroup - Acidic:
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Asp Glu
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Give the amino acid in this subgroup - Basic
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: Arg Lys
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Give the amino acid in this subgroup - Sulfur Bonds:
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Cys Met
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Give the amino acid in this subgroup - O-Bonds:
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Ser Thr Tyr
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Give the amino acid in this subgroup - N-Bonds
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: Asp Gln
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Give the amino acid in this subgroup - Branched:
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Leu Iso Val
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Give the amino acid in this subgroup - Bulky (Aromatic):
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Phe Thr Trp
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Give the amino acid in this subgroup - Smallest
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: Gly
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Give the amino acid in this subgroup - Responsible for Bends:
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Pro
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Give the amino acid in this subgroup - Ketogenic
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: Lys Leu
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Give the amino acid in this subgroup - Gluco-& Ketogenic:
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Phe Iso Thr Trp
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Give the amino acid in this subgroup - Glucogenic His
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Arg Glu Asp Gln Asn Tyr Cys Pro Met Val Ala Gly
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Essential Amino Acids
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Essential Amino Acids --|-- (PVT TIM HALL) --|-- Phe Trp His --|-- Val Iso Arg --|-- Thr Met Leu --|-- Lys --|-- --|-- *****If there is a deficiency in Phe then Tyr becomes essential (like in PKU). If there is a deficiency in Met then Cys becomes essential***** --|--
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If there is a deficiency in Phe (Phenylalanine) what amino acid becomes essential?
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Tyr becomes essential (like in PKU).
If there is a deficiency in Met then Cys becomes essential Essential Amino Acids -(PVT TIM HALL) - Phe Val Trp His Arg Iso Thr Met Leu Lys |
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If there is a deficiency in Met (Methionine) what amino acid becomes essential?
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If there is a deficiency in Met then Cys becomes essential --|-- *****If there is a deficiency in Phe then Tyr becomes essential (like in PKU). ***** --|-- Essential Amino Acids --|-- (PVT TIM HALL) --|-- Phe Trp His --|-- Val Iso Arg --|-- Thr Met Leu --|-- Lys --|--
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Give a list of the restriction enzymes (in the body)
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Restriction Enzymes --|-- (Cut to the right unless otherwise specified) --|-- Trypsin…………………………………………….Arg, Lys --|-- Chymotrypsin…………………………….…..Phe, Tyr, Trp --|-- Elastase…………………………………..……Gly, Ser, Ala --|-- Mercaptoethanol…………………………………...Met, Cys --|-- Aminopeptidase……………………………..amino terminal --|-- Carboxypeptidase………………….Left of carboxy terminal --|-- Cyanobromide......……………...……………………….Met
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What do the different restriction enzymes cut?
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Restriction Enzymes --|-- (Cut to the right unless otherwise specified) --|-- Trypsin…………………………………………….Arg, Lys --|-- Chymotrypsin…………………………….…..Phe, Tyr, Trp --|-- Elastase…………………………………..……Gly, Ser, Ala --|-- Mercaptoethanol…………………………………...Met, Cys --|-- Aminopeptidase……………………………..amino terminal --|-- Carboxypeptidase………………….Left of carboxy terminal --|-- Cyanobromide......……………...……………………….Met
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Restriction Enzymes – what/where does this cut? - (Cut to the right unless otherwise specified) --- Trypsin
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Arg, Lys
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Restriction Enzymes – what/where does this cut? - (Cut to the right unless otherwise specified) --- Chymotrypsin
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Phe, Tyr, Trp
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Restriction Enzymes – what/where does this cut? - (Cut to the right unless otherwise specified) --- Elastase
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Gly, Ser, Ala
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Restriction Enzymes – what/where does this cut? - (Cut to the right unless otherwise specified) --- Mercaptoethanol
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Met, Cys
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Restriction Enzymes – what/where does this cut? - (Cut to the right unless otherwise specified) --- Aminopeptidase
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amino terminal
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Restriction Enzymes – what/where does this cut? - (Cut to the right unless otherwise specified) --- Carboxypeptidase
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Left of carboxy terminal
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Restriction Enzymes – what/where does this cut? - (Cut to the right unless otherwise specified) --- Cyanobromide
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Met
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Drugs that cause agranulocytosis
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(CCC-PTD) = Carbamazepine, Colchicine, Clozapine, PTU/Methemizole, Ticlopidine, Dapsone
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