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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the mechanism of action of diuretics?
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-increased renal excretion of sodium and water
-decrease fluid volume within the intravascular compartment |
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What is a normal BP?
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<120/<80
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What is the systolic BP?
What is the diastolic BP? |
-Systolic: BP during contraction
-Diastolic: BP at rest |
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What is the mechanism of action of beta-blockers?
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-decrease HR and force of contraction
-decrease CO -possible other mechanisms |
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What are the adverse effects of potassium wasting diuretics (HCTZ, metalozone, etc)?
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-increase cholesterol and TG
-increase glucose and uric acid -hypokalemia -inc Ca2+ concentrations |
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What are the adverse effects of loop diuretics?
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-short duration of action
-no hypercalcemia |
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What are the adverse effects of potassium sparing diuretics?
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-hyperkalemia
-gynecomastia with spironolactone |
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What is the mechanism of action of nebivolol (Bystolic)? How should it be taken?
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-BB, lack intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane stabilizing activity
-5mg po daily and increase every 2 weeks to max of 40mg/day -if CrCl <30ml/min start with 2.5mg po daily and increase |
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What are the ADE and MP of nebivolol (Bystolic)?
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ADE:
-HA, fatigue, dizziness, diarrhea, nausea, insomnia, chest pain MP -renal function -blood pressure |
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What is the mechanism of action of CCBs?
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-block Ca2+ entry into vascular smooth muscle
-leads to vasodilation -leads to decreased peripheral resistance -decrease heart rate -decrease myocardial contractile force |
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What are the adverse effects of non-DHP CCBs?
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-conduction defects
-worsening systolic dysfunction -gingival hyperplasia -constipation (verapamil) |
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What are the adverse effects of DHP CCBs?
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-ankle edema
-flushing -HA -gingival hyperplasia |
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What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors?
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-block conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
-Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction |
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What are the adverse effects of ACE inhibitors?
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-cough
-angioedema (rare) -hyperkalemia -rash -loss of taste -leukopenia -pregnancy category C (1st trimester) and D (2nd + 3rd trimesters) |
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What is the mechanism of action for ARBs?
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-hyperkalemia
-very rare angioedema -pregnancy category C (1st trimester) and D (2nd + 3rd trimester) |
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What is the mechanism of action of aliskiren (Tekturna)? What is the dosage?
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-direct renin inhibitors
-150mg daily |
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What are the ADE and MP of aliskiren (Tekturna)?
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ADE:
-back pain, diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue, HA, rash, nasopharyngitis, URI MP: -K+, renal function |
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What drugs interact with direct renin inhibitors (aliskiren (Tekturna))?
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-atorvastatin
-irbesartan -ketoconazole -furosemide |
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What are the goals of therapy for the treatment of HTN?
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ESTPPPQ
-etiology -assess severity (preHTN, stage 1 or 2) -treat the problem -prevent progression/ complications (reduce CVD) -prevent SE/AR -prevent recurrence -minimal or no impact on QOL |
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What are the lifestyle modifications for treatment of HTN?
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-diet and lose weight
-limit salt intake to 2.4g/day -limit alcohol intake -regular exercise of 30-45 min most days of week -smoking cessation -maintain adequate intake of dietary K+ (90mEq) -maintain adequate intake of dietary Ca2+ and Mg2+ -reduce dietary fat and cholesterol -DASH diet |
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What are the goal BP?
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<140/<90
<130/<80 if DM or CKD |
