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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why are healthy personnel relations important?
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Expansion and development of production, sales and progress take place
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What happens when the standard of education and training is high?
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Workers are in the position to discover and identify problems sooner,
to keep management on their toes and require better management |
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Define communication
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Contact made between individuals verbally or non-verbally.
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Define sender
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A person wishing to make contact during the communication process
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Define reciever
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A person at the other end of the contact procedure
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Name the 7 factors involved in communication breakdowns
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Misunderstandings ; status
Noise ; Distance Attitude ; Culture Language |
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Explain misunderstandings as a factor in communication breakdowns
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The individual understanding differently to what was meant.
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Explain status as a factor in communication breakdowns
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The sender being a person who is much superior in education, experience and background to the reciever
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Explain distance as a factor in communication breakdowns
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The message being faint or interrupted by some or other means
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What does management's communication with subordinates consist of?
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Giving orders to subordinates,
listening to and understand the difficulties and problems of subordinates |
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What do employees need to be aware of for a good communication system in an organisation?
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Organisational structures
company policy Work situation in general |
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For what purposes do employees use communication?
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Make known their satisfaction,
disagreement, needs and loyalty |
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What are the benefits of individuals and groups having enough scope to communicate successfully?
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Higher production
Job satisfaction |
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What is the purpose of a leader?
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Influences a group to perform in a certain way
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What are the three ways that leaders are acquired?
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Rank
Seniority Character |
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What are the 12 requirements for a good leader?
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speech ; planning ; organization; co-operation ; control of work ; friendliness ; intelligence ; enthusiasm ; technical skill ; firmness ; training and faith
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How does the way that a leader is chosen influence the ease with which they do their job?
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Chosen by the group - easy
Chosen by some other body for reasons other than popularity - difficult, especially if goals not set by the group. |
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How can a leader who is completely undesirable gain acceptance by the group?
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Control an important means to satisfy their needs.
Although they may still be negative about it |
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What are the 20 behaviours expected of a good leader?
(20) |
Maintain position (stick to your guns)
Act according to group standards Orders not disobeyed Use correct channels to give orders Lead rather than push Don't force self of subordinates socially Don't reprimand staff in front of others Consider complete situation Create situation where group disciplines itself Knows themself Adopt attitude of stop, look and listen Understand subordiantes Fair and just to all people Self-control Not over critical Polite Motivate workers to do good work Acknowledge good work Others trust and believe in them |
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What are the 10 mistakes commonly made by leaders?
(10) |
Insufficient trade knowledge
Arguementative Too critical of change Too slack for discipline Not enough innitiative Tasks not complete in time Provides insufficient training Too little patience Nervous and excited under pressure Favouratism |
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Name the four types of leaders
(4) |
Dictorial
Autocratic Laissez-faire Democratic |
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What is a dictorial leader?
(1) |
Gets work done by means of fear of punishment and threats.
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What is an autocratic leader?
(1) |
Makes all decisions by himself, accepts all responsibility and authority and refuses to share supervision with others.
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What is a laissez-faire leader?
(1) |
Allows everyone to do as they please and only supplies information about the work to be done.
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What is a democratic leader?
(2) |
Consults his subordinates in respect of problems, goals and tasks to be done.
Shares the function of supervision and leadership |
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Define motivation
(1) |
The urge to accomplish something.
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What types of things might a person be motivated by?
(4) |
Self-satisfaction
Material gain Superiority over others Sense of duty |
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Name the needs on Maslow's hierarchy in order of priority.
(5) |
Physiological needs
Security needs Social needs Esteem needs Self actualisation |
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Define incentives
(2) |
Rewards given to workers for the job they do.
Where production needs to be high or fast workers are paid incentive wages. |
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What is the use of incentives?
(1) |
To motivate workers towards higher productivity.
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How are workers in clothing factories often paid?
(1) |
On piece work
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Name the five incentive schemes offered by firms.
(5) |
Bonus
Leave pay Medical aid Transport Cafeteria and teas |
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How are bonuses determined?
(2) |
A yearly bonus determined by profit
Individual production bonus for higher output |
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How do transport incentives work?
(2) |
Transport to and from a certain point
Subsidy |
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What are the 7 requirements for a system of incentive wages?
(7) |
Simple so workers understand
Standardised Standard of task deterrmined by proper time study Very clear with daily records kept Applicable to all workers in that sphere Standard not so high it is unreachable by the average worker Accurate control so quality still good |
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What does employing the correct person contribute to?
(5) |
Low cost per unit
Higher productivity Lower training cost, less absenteeism and lower turnover Lower wastage or material and labour Shorter learning period |
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What are the consequences for the employee if placed in the incorrect position?
(4) |
Learn at a slower rate
Become over fatigued Loose interest in the work Develops a feeling of disappointment, frustration and low self image which leads to emotional unbalance |
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How does placing the employee in the correct position influence the community?
(1) |
The employee projects his attitude on life to his family and friends.
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Define appointment
(1) |
The act of installing a person into a certain position
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How is a person notified that they are appointed to a position?
(2) |
Mutual written contract
Verbal agreement |
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How can a person be appointed?
(2) |
Application
Promotion |
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What does a job specification include?
(5) |
Name of job, position or trade
Qualification needed Salary, wages or estimate Age group if relevant Workday week and other benefits |
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What is a job description?
(1) |
Recorded observations of workers at their job, reports from supervisors or group discussions with workers
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What are the requirements for a job description?
(8) |
Observations are clear and unambiguous
Description of job broken down into activities in order Written out without mood words Job described as a whole Short sentences Define technical terms Check with people who will use description Revise regularly |
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What sections can be found on application forms?
(6) |
Personal information
Qualifications Experience Sport, social life and hobbies Languages General |
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What personal information is requested on an application form?
(6) |
Surname
First name Date of birth ID number Address Marital status |
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What qualification information is requested on an application?
(3) |
Academic
Technical Professional training |
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What information about experience is requested on an application form?
(2) |
Past and present jobs
Actual job you did in each position |
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Name 5 guidelines for job applications
(5) |
Write neatly and clearly in capital letters
Only relevant information Don't make mistakes or erase Date and sign all applications Attach certified copies |
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Name 5 guidelines for interviews
(5) |
Dress neatly, conservatively and appropriately
Punctual Prepared with relevant documents Listen carefully and take an interest Be polite and well mannered. |
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What is a certified copy?
(1) |
A copy of the original which a commissioner of oaths compared with original and signed.
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What 7 things are included in a testimonial?
(7) |
Full registered name of recipient
Date of birth or ID number Dates applicable to time of study, training and employment Achievements Positive characteristics Done on letterhead of institution or firm Signed and dated by someone in authority |
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Name 4 methods of recruitment
(4) |
Advertisement
Recruitment agency Bulletin board outside building Recommendation by other employees |
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What are the tests done on applicants?
(3) |
Aptitude tests
Personality tests Trade tests |
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What is an aptitude test?
(1) |
A test to determine the ability of the applicant for specific type of work.
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What is a personality test?
(2) |
A questionnaire where an applicant has to fill in certain attitudes and behaviour under certain conditions.
Estimates whether applicant is suitable for job |
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What is a trade test?
(2) |
Tests run by a trade centre that authenticate qualified artisans.
Some tests are run by big firms to test competency for the job |
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Define training
(1) |
A process undertaken by the firm to develop certain skills, concepts and attitudes of the employee to maximize efficiency.
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What are the aims of training?
(3) |
Beginners are introduced to work and made to feel part of the organisation
Learning new techniques, machinery and equipment to keep up with progress Corrective or remedial training for skills not used for some time. It includes refresher training. |
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Why does training have to be continuous?
(1) |
Keep abreast of technological developments and progress.
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What methods are used for training?
(2) |
In-service training
Outside training |
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How is in-service training done?
(2) |
At the firm in the job situation
Trained by the supervisor or foreman |
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What is the advantage of in-service training?
(1) |
Inexpensive
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For what kind of work is in-service training effective?
(4) |
Work consists of large number of duties
Small number of trainees Short learning period simple work-cycle |
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How is outside training done?
(2) |
At institution
Firm pays the fees |
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For what kind of work is outside training effective?
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Large number of workers trained
Difficult task Not much time |
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What is the disadvantage of outside training?
(1) |
Expensive
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Why is outside training so expensive?
(4) |
High overheads of premises,
machinery, equipment and staff |
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What are the advantages of having trained staff?
(5) |
No loss in production time
Little or no wasted or spoiled materials Higher production and better quality product Workers feel more secure and satisfied Better remuneration for trained workers |
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What are the disadvantages of training staff?
(4) |
Time and production lost in training time
Material wastage in training Extra work load on supervisor or foreman Employees may leave the firm soon after trained |
