Clontz Cards

Front 1

biotechnology

Back 1

Biological science when applied especially in genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology

Front 2

capacity

Back 2

The maximum amount or number that can be contained or accommodated

Front 3

carnivore

Back 3

A flesh-eating animal.

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cell

Back 4

structural and functional unit of an organism

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cell division

Back 5

The formation of two daughter cells from one parent cell, mitosis

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cell membrane

Back 6

The bounding membrane of cells which controls the entry of molecules and the
interaction of cells with their environment, plasma membrane.

Front 7

cell respiration

Back 7

Metabolic processes which break down nutrients into usable energy

Front 8

cell wall

Back 8

A structure external to the plasma membrane of a plant cell. It provides structure
and support

Front 9

characterisitc

Back 9

A distinguishing trait, feature, quality or property

Front 10

chemical change

Back 10

A change in a substance resulting in an entirely different substance with different

Front 11

chemical
property

Back 11

Chemical characteristics of a substance that distinguish it from other substances.

Front 12

chemical
reaction

Back 12

A process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance, as opposed to a change in physical form or a nuclear reaction.

Front 13

chemosynthesis

Back 13

Synthesis of organic compounds (as in living cells) by energy derived from
chemical reactions.

Front 14

chloroplast

Back 14

plastid that contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis

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chromosome

Back 15

A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most
living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

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chrysalis

Back 16

The pupa of a butterfly and some insects

Front 17

cilia

Back 17

Fine hair-like protrusions of the cell surface, which beat in unison to create
currents of liquid over cell surface or propel the cell through the medium

Front 18

circuit

Back 18

The complete path of an electric current usually including the source of electric
energy.

Front 19

circular motion

Back 19

Motion of an object that follows the circumference of a circle

Front 20

classification

Back 20

Systematic arrangement in groups or categories according to established criteria

Front 21

climate

Back 21

The average course or condition of the weather at a place usually over a period
of years as exhibited by temperature, wind velocity and precipitation.

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comet

Back 22

A celestial body that consists of a fuzzy head usually surrounding a bright
nucleus, that has a usually highly eccentric orbit, and that often, when in the part
of its orbit near the sun, develops a long tail which points away from the sun.

Front 23

community

Back 23

Interacting populations that live in a defined habitat

Front 24

composition

Back 24

The qualitative and quantitative makeup of a chemical compound.

Front 25

compound

Back 25

A substance formed from two or more elements chemically united in fixed
proportions.

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condensation

Back 26

The conversion of a substance (such as water) from the vapor state to a denser
liquid or solid state usually initiated by a reduction in the temperature of the
vapor.

Front 27

conduction

Back 27

Process by which heat or electricity is transmitted through a material or body
without movement of the medium itself.

Front 28

conservation

Back 28

A careful preservation and protection of something; especially planned
management of a natural resource to prevent exploitation, destruction or neglect.

Front 29

consumer

Back 29

An organism requiring complex organic compounds for food, which it obtains by
preying on other organisms or by eating particles of organic matte

Front 30

control

Back 30

A group used as a standard of comparison for checking the results of an
experiment

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covalent

Back 31

Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms

Front 32

convection

Back 32

circulatory motion that occurs in a fluid at a non-uniform temperature
owing to the variation of its density and the action of gravity.

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convergent

Back 33

To come together or tend to come together at a point.

Front 34

core

Back 34

The central part of a celestial body (as Earth or sun) usually having different
physical properties from the surrounding parts.

Front 35

crust

Back 35

The outer part of a planet, moon or asteroid composed essentially of crystalline
rocks.

Front 36

crustal
deformation

Back 36

A change in the crust of a planet, moon or asteroid

Front 37

crystal

Back 37

A piece of a homogeneous solid substance having a natural, geometrically
regular form with symmetrically arranged plane faces.

Front 38

current

Back 38

Continuous flow as of air, water or electric charge.

Front 39

cycle

Back 39

An interval of time during which a sequence of a recurring succession of events
or phenomena is completed.

Front 40

decay rate

Back 40

The rate at which a radioactive isotope disintegrates until a final non-radioactive
isotope is formed

Front 41

decomposers

Back 41

Organisms such as bacteria and fungi that feed and breakdown dead organisms
returning constituents of organic substances to the environment

Front 42

dependent
variable

Back 42

A variable whose values are determined by one or more (independent) variables.

Front 43

design

Back 43

To create, fashion, execute or construct according to plan.

Front 44

differentiation

Back 44

The sum of the processes whereby apparently indifferent cells, tissues and
structures attain their adult form and function

Front 45

DNA

Back 45

acid, a double strand of nucleotides, that is a self-replicating
material present in living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It
contains the genetic code and transmits the heredity pattern.

Front 46

dominant

Back 46

A gene, that when present, is expressed in the phenotype.

Front 47

eclipse

Back 47

The total or partial obscuring of one celestial body by another.

Front 48

ecological

Back 48

The interactions and relationships between organisms and their environment

Front 49

ecosystem

Back 49

The complex of a community of organisms and its environment functioning as an
ecological unit.

Front 50

electric field

Back 50

A region associated with a distribution of electric charge or a varying magnetic
field, in which forces due to that charge or field, act upon other electric charges

Front 51

electric force

Back 51

A force that exists between two charged objects.

Front 52

electricity

Back 52

A form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles, either
statically as an accumulation of charge or dynamically as a current.

Front 53

electromagnetic
radiation

Back 53

A kind of radiation including visible light, radio waves, gamma rays and x-rays
in which electric and magnetic fields vary simultaneously.

Front 54

electromagnetic
spectrum

Back 54

The entire range of wavelengths or frequencies of electromagnetic radiation
extending from gamma rays to the longest radio waves and including visible
light.

Front 55

electron

Back 55

electron A stable subatomic particle with negative electrical charge, found in all atoms
and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids

Front 56

element

Back 56

Any of more than 100 fundamental substances that consist of atoms of only one
kind and that singly or in combination constitute all matter.

Front 57

emigration

Back 57

A category of population dispersal covering one-way movement out of the
population area

Front 58

endothermic

Back 58

Characterized by or formed with absorption of heat.

Front 59

energy

Back 59

The capacity for doing work, can be in various forms such as nuclear, sound,
thermal and light

Front 60

entropy

Back 60

A thermodynamic quantity representing the unavailability of a system's thermal
energy for conversion into mechanical work, often interpreted as the degree of
disorder or randomness in the system

Front 61

environment

Back 61

The complex of physical, chemical and biotic factors that act upon an organism
or an ecological community and ultimately determine its form and survival.

Front 62

epicenter

Back 62

The part of the Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake

Front 63

equilibrium

Back 63

A state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced

Front 64

eukaryotic

Back 64

An organism composed of one or more cells containing visibly evident nuclei
and organelles

Front 65

evaporation

Back 65

To convert into vapor

Front 66

evidence

Back 66

Facts or observations on which a conclusion can be based.

Front 67

exothermic

Back 67

Characterized by or formed with liberation of heat

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extinct

Back 68

A species of organisms that no longer exists

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faulting

Back 69

To fracture so as to produce a geologic fault.

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fermentation

Back 70

enzymatically controlled anaerobic breakdown of an energy-rich compound

Front 71

fission

Back 71

The splitting of an atomic nucleus resulting in the release of large amounts of
energy.

Front 72

flagella

Back 72

Long hair-like extensions from the cell surface whose movement is used for
locomotion

Front 73

focus

Back 73

The place of origin of an earthquake or moonquake (as related to earthquakes

Front 74

folding

Back 74

Causing rock strata to undergo bending or curvature

Front 75

food chain

Back 75

An arrangement of the organisms of an ecological community according to the
order of predation in which each uses the next usually lower member as a food
source.

Front 76

food web

Back 76

The totality of interacting food chains in an ecological community; interacting
food chains in an ecological community.

Front 77

force

Back 77

force An influence, that if applied to a free body, results chiefly in an acceleration of
that body in the direction of its application

Front 78

fossil

Back 78

Remnant, impression or trace of an organism of past geologic ages that has been
preserved in the Earth's crust.

Front 79

fossil fuel

Back 79

A fuel (such as coal, oil or natural gas) that is formed in Earth from plant or
animal remains.

Front 80

frame of
reference

Back 80

An arbitrary set of axes with reference to which the position or motion of
something is described or physical laws are formulated.

Front 81

friction

Back 81

force that resists relative motion between two bodies in contact.

Front 82

fungi

Back 82

Any of a major group of saprophytic and parasitic spore-producing organisms
including molds, rusts, mildews, smuts, mushrooms and yeasts

Front 83

fusion

Back 83

The union of atomic nuclei to form heavier nuclei resulting in the release of
enormous quantities of energy.