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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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diffusion |
the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to areas of low concentration |
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Osmosis |
the diffusion of water through a cell membrane |
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Passive transport |
the diffusion of particles through a cell membrane without the use of energy |
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Active transport |
the diffusion of particles through a cell membrane that requires the use of energy |
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Endocytosis |
the process in which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses it in a vesicle to bring it into the cell |
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Exocytosis |
the process used to remove large particles from a cell; vesicle containing the particle fuses with the cell membrane |
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Photosynthesis |
the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make food (glucose) |
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Cellular respiration |
the process of producing energy - ATP - in a cell from oxygen and glucose; releases carbon dioxide and water; occurs in the mitochondria |
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Fermentation |
the breakdown of sugars to make energy - or ATP - in a cell; does not require oxygen; occurs in the cytoplasm |
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Mitosis |
the division of the nucleus of a cell; the genetic materials is copied and the cell splits in two |
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Interphase |
the "resting phase" which occurs before mitosis begins where the cell carries on normal function |
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Prophase |
the phase of mitosis where chromosomes become fully visible and appear in an X shape |
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Metaphase |
the phase of mitosis where the chromosome pairs - or chromatids - line up in the middle of the cell |
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Anaphase |
the phase of mitosis where the chromosome pairs - or chromatids - are pulled apart and move to opposite sides of the cell |
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Telophase |
the phase of mitosis where the cell membrane pinches itself in two |
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Cytokinesis |
the division of the cytoplasm resulting in two new daughter cells; occurs after mitosis |
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Chromosome |
a structure found inside the nucleus made of DNA & protein that is formed during mitosis |
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Chromatids |
identical chromosome copies |
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Centromere |
the region that holds chromatid pairs together when a chromosome is copied |
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Binary Fission |
simple cell division in which one cell splits into two; used in bacteria |
