Clippard Bio A By Austin

Front 1

Distinguish between active versus passive transport

Back 1

Active transport is the movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to be expanded by the cell. requires energy.

Passive transport is diffusion across a membrane requiring only random motion of molecules with no energy expanded by the cell. requires no energy.

Front 2

Describe the direction water or solutes will travel in hypertonic,hypotonic, and isotonic solution

Back 2

Hypertonic: the solution shrinks because the water goes out of the cell

Hypotonic: water will enter the cell

isotonic: doesnt allow or let water leave

Front 3

Distinguish between endocytosis and exocytosis

Back 3

endocytosis is a process where a cell fully engulfs materials from the outside and fuses them to its plasma membrane

exocytosis is moving the cytoplasm to the outside of the cell

Front 4

how the maintenance of a relatively stable internal is required for survival

Back 4

its required because internally everything needs to work together in order to survive

Front 5

describe cell specialization in multicelluar organisms

Back 5

it helps better the organism by making new cell tissue

Front 6

list the levels of organization in eukaryotes beginning with organelles and ending with no organisms

Back 6

nucleus

ribosomes

ER

Golgi

Front 7

where is energy is located and why is it needed by cells

Back 7

the energy is located in the atp and is used to give energy to cells to work properly

Front 8

reduced equation for photosynthesis

Back 8

6CO2 + 12H2O + energy

Front 9

products of light dependent vs the light independent reactions

Back 9

light dependent: Oxygen, ATP, and NADPH

light independent: is the same it just doesnt require light

Front 10

describe the organelle where photosynthesis takes place

Back 10

it takes place in the chloroplasts

Front 11

what factors affect photosynthesis

Back 11

Co2, pH levels, light intensity, and temperature

Front 12

equation for cellular respiration. what are the 3 parts? what happens at each part?

Back 12

C6H12O6+6O2=6CO2+6H20. the three parts are Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain.

Oxygen And Glucose are broken down to produce ATP

Front 13

compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Back 13

photosynthesis only occurs in plants, cellular respiration occurs in all living things. they both form energy

Front 14

describe how cell break down macromolecules to provide enregy for metabolism

Back 14

it breaks it down with the membrane to only allow the essential parts through

Front 15

describe the organelle that cellular respiration occurs

Back 15

in the mitochandria

Front 16

list the number of ATP's created in cellular respiration compared to fermenation

Back 16

only 2 in ferementation and 36 in cellular repiration

Front 17

compare alcoholic vs lactic acid fermentation

Back 17

glucose is oxidized to two molecules of pyruvic acid

Front 18

you count how any can fit across and divide by how many there are

Back 18

then youll get the microns

Front 19

3 parts of cell theory

Back 19

cells are the smallest units of life

all living organisms are made up of cells

all cells come from existing cells

Front 20

describe the roles of leeuwenhoek hooke schliedin schwann and virchow had with regards to the microscope and the cell

Back 20

leeuwenhoek: discovered baterial cell, protozoa, yeast algae,chloroplast and much more

hooke: invented reflecting microscope

schleidin:cell theory

Front 21

difference between the 2 types of electron microscopes

Back 21

SEM: doesnt use concrentrated beam

TEM:uses the beam

Front 22

distuinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Back 22

prokaryotes: doesnt contain a nucleus

eukaryotes:contain membrane bound oranelles

Front 23

describe the structure and function of the cell parts

Back 23

Nucleus: most important part of the cell tells the cell what to do

Mitochondria: is the powerhouse of the cell it roams freely

Ectoskeletons: bone like structure outside the nucleus

Front 24

compare and contrast plant and animal cells

Back 24

plant has chloroplasts and cell wall

animal only has cell membrane

Front 25

explain the structures found in prokaryotic cells

Back 25

ribosomes,capsule,cytoplasm,plasmid,pili,nucleoid

Front 26

note sheet

Back 26

water accounts for 70% of the weight of the cell

Front 27

explain cholesterols role in the plasma membrane

Back 27

can prevent substances from exiting and entering

Front 28

identify different structers of an atom

Back 28

electrons protons and neutrons

Front 29

explain isotopes and their biological uses

Back 29

they are the same atomic number and identical protons

Front 30

explain how to interpret the Ph scale using household items

Back 30

0-14 7 is neutral less than & acidic more than 7 is basic

battery acid

lemon juice

apples

Front 31

explain waters unique properties

Back 31

can dissolve other substances

high dielectric constant

Front 32

List the 6 main elements found in all living things

Back 32

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Phosphorous

Front 33

Describe the surface area to volume ratio as it relates to cell growth

Back 33

the greater surface area the more raw material

Front 34

difference between sexual and asexual reproduction

Back 34

sexual is when an egg and sperm meet and asexual is when one organisms reproduces by itself

Front 35

list cell cycle phases

Back 35

prophase metaphase anaphase telophase

Front 36

how embryonic cells are different

Back 36

they can grow to be any part of the body

Front 37

benifit of stem cells

Back 37

they can heal damaged body parts

Front 38

compare end result of mitosis to meiosis

Back 38

mitosis has more sperm to egg ratio

Front 39

write

Back 39

crossing over occurs in prophase 1

Front 40

describe the role

Back 40

mitosis repairs tissue and organs the other repairs bones