Clinical Therapy

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the Freudian view of human nature is basically

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Deterministic

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According to Freud, our behavior is determined by

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irrational forces, unconscious motivations, and biological and instinctual drives as these evolve through key psychosexual stages in the first years of life.

Front 3

Psychoanalytic Therapy Limitations
IT Requires

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lengthy training for therapies and much time and expense for clients.

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Psychoanalytic Therapy Limitations

The model stresses

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biological and instinctual factors to the neglect of social, cultural, and interpersonal ones.

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Psychoanalytic Therapy Limitations

Its methods are less applicable

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for solving specific daily life problems for clients and may not be appropriate for some ethnic and cultural groups.

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Psychoanalytic Therapy Limitations

Many clients

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lack the degree of ego strength needed for regressive and reconstructive therapy. It may be inappropriate for certain counseling settings.

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Repression

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threatening or painful thoughts and feelings are excluded from awareness.

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Denial

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“closing one’s eyes” to the existence of a threatening aspect of reality.

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Reaction formation

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actively expressing the opposite impulse when confronted with a threatening impulse.

Front 10

Projection

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attributing to others one’s own unacceptable desires and impulses.

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Displacement

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directing energy toward another object or person when the original object or person is inaccessible.

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Rationalization

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making up good reasons to explain away a bruised ego.

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Sublimation-

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diverting sexual or aggressive energy into other channels.

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Regression-

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going back to an earlier phase of development when there were fewer demands.

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Introjection-

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taking in and “swallowing” the values and standards of others

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Identification

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identifying with successful causes, organizations, or people in the hope the you will be perceived as worthwhile.

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Compensation

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masking perceived weakness or developing certain positive traits to make up for limitations.

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Anxiety

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• feeling of dread that results from repressed feelings, memories, desires, and experience that emerge to the surface of awareness

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Libido

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• sexual energy, later broadened it to include the energy of all the life instincts.

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Life instincts

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• serve the purpose of the survival of the individual and the human race. Oriented toward growth, development, and creativity.

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Function about anxiety

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• is to warn of impending danger

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psychoanalytic anxiety develops out of

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a conflict among the id, ego, and superego over the control of the available psychic energy

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3 kinds of anxiety

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o Reality anxiety-fear of danger from the external world, and the level of such anxiety is proportionate to the degree of real threat.
o Neurotic anxiety- fear that the instincts will get out of hand and cause one to do something for which one will be punished.
o Moral anxiety- fear of one’s own conscience. People who feel guilty when they do something other than what their morals tell them

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Ego-defense mechanisms

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help the individual cope with anxiety and prevent the ego from being overwhelmed.

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Existential Therapy was founded by

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Viktor Frankl

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the existential tradition seeks

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s a balance between recognizing the limits and tragic dimensions of human existence on one hand and the possibilities and opportunities of human life on the other hand.

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Current focus of the existential approach i

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• s on the individual’s experience of being in the world alone and facing the anxiety of this isolation.