Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Diabetes Insipidus
Two types... Describe dehydration test |
ADH deficiency.
Neurogenic and Nephrogenic Test used to differentiate between the two types. If urine osmolarity goes up after ADH administration, it is neurogenic, and if it does not, it is nephrogenic. |
|
|
SIADH
|
ADH hypersecretion...
Hyponatermia |
|
|
Wolff Chaikoff Effect
|
Iodine deficiency and Iodine excess cause a decrease in Thyroid synthesis.
(high levels of iodine decrease thyroid function) |
|
|
Graves Disease
|
Thyroid gland (via TSH receptros) is stimualted by a TSH receptor antibody (TSI). TSI Ab causes gland hypertrophy and hyperthyroidism.
(Pt hyperthyroid and has a goiter) |
|
|
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
|
Ab against Thyroid destroy thyroid gland.
Elevated TSH and low (or normal, if early) T4. |
|
|
Clinical findings of hypothyroidism
|
(1) Decreased BMR
(2) Cold intolerance (3) Lethargic, Slow (4) Decreased SNS response (5) Glycogen accumulates (6) Muscle stiffness (7) MYXEDEMA - Non-pitting edema |
|
|
Clinical finding of hyperthyroidism
|
(1) Increased BMR - Increase appetite
(2) Increased SNS, Anxiety, Palpitations (3) Heat intolerance, moist-warm skin (4) Eye changes - Perioribital edema |
|
|
Effects of Cortisol...
(1) On Glucose.. (2) On Protein... (3) On Fat (4) On bone (5) Kidney (6) Fetus |
(1) ACts to raise blood glucose and glycogen.
(2) Breaks down protein (muscle) to use as glucose source (3) Lipolysis on extremities and centrepital Lipogenesis (4) Inhibits bone formation (5) Kidney - Anti-ADH actions (loose water). (6)Promotes development of lungs, surfactant. Summarize..Diabetogenic, Ketogenic, Increase obesity and Increases appetite. |
|
|
How does cortisol impact blood cell numbers?
|
Increases Neutrophils, Platlets and Erythrocytes.
Decreases lymphocytes and eosinophils. |
|
|
Cushin's disease...
|
Increasing Cortisol levels. Pituitary tomor, ectopic tumor or adrenal secreting tumor.
Centripetal obesity, Hyperglycemic, Hypertension, Amenorrhea, Impotence, Osteoporosis, Personality changes. |
|
|
Which hormone has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppresive actions>
|
Cortisol
|
|
|
SAME - Syndrome of Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess
|
11-beta OHsteriod DHD deficiency - Cortisol remains active and starts working on Aldosterone receptors.
|
|
|
Addison's disease
|
Primary Adrenal insufficiency. High ACTH, but cortisol, aldo not produced.
Hypotension, Weakness, Hypovolemic, Weight loss, Hyponatremia, Hyperkalemia |
|
|
Conn's disease
|
Primary Hyperaldosteronism - Aldosterone secreting tumor
Hypertension, Hypokalemic, Metabolic Alkalosis |
|
|
Metabolic effects of Epi
|
Increase blood Glc
Break down liver, muscle, fat glucose. Synthesize Glc in liver. Release Glucagon from pancreas. |
|
|
How does drop in Blood glucose impact Epi release?
|
It increases it.
|
|
|
Pheochromocytoma
|
EC cells in adrenal medulla r messed up.
Paroxysmal, intermittant HBP Severe headache Excessive perspiration Palpitation Anxiety, Nervousness, Blurred vision |
|
|
Insulin promotes cell uptake of...
Insulin stimulates (metabolically) |
Glucose (via GLUT4)
Amino Acids Potassium Metabolically...causes glc uptake and storage. Adipose tissues, Muscle, Liver will take up glc. And synthesize glycogen. |
|
|
List few conditions that can be diabetogenic.
|
Cushing's, Pheochromocytoma, Acromegaly, Hyperthyroidism, Pregnancy
|
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of following drugs...
Insulin Sulphonylureas Glucophase GLP1 Amylin agonist |
Insulin -
Sulphonylureas - Stimulate insulin release - Glucophage - Upregulates insulin receptors GLP1 - Stimulates insulin secretion Amylin agonist - Stimulates insulin secretion and inhibits glucagon release |
|
|
Testicular Feminization
Presents as.. |
Genetic disorder. Androgen receptor is on the X-chromosome hence, XY male has one androgen receptor.
Presents as...female with infertility. External female genitalia but blind vaginal pouch. |
|
|
5alpha - DHT deficiency
|
XY male, Internally male but externally female.
At puberty, virilization occurs (because testosterone is responsible for puberty not DHT). No gynecomastia. No PROSTATE. Autosomal Recessive Disease |
|
|
Turner Syndrome
|
XO
Internally and externally female but underdeveloped sex organs. GONADAL DYSGENESIS |
