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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Founder of Person-Centered Therapy
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Carl Rogers
Humanistic, Optimistic, Overly-simplified |
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General message
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You're good enough, you just need to have trust and faith that you're gonna be able to figure this out
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View of human nature
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humans are trustworthy and positive
humans are capable of making changes and living productive, effective lives humans innately gravitate towards self-actualization (actualizing tendency) |
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Humanistic worldviewv
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People are basically good and will actualize in the absence of interference (stress, anxiety, negative life experiences)
Society, rather than restraining negative forces, leads people astray (not the unconscious/fear of death/Oedipal complex) Society does this by providing conditional positive regard People are experts about themselves. As a result, therapy is generally insight-oriented and nondirective |
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Person Centered Therapy was a reaction against
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the directive and psychoanalytic approaches
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Person-Centered Therapy Challenges these:
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the assumption that "the counselor knows best"
the validity of advice, suggestion, persuasion, teaching, diagnosis, and interpretation the belief that clients cannot understand and resolve their own problems WITHOUT direct help the focus on problems over persons |
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Emphasizes
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therapy as a journey shared by two fallible people
the person's innate striving for self-actualization the personal characteristics of the therapist and the quality of the therapeutic relationship the counselor's creation of a permissive, "growth-promoting" climate people are capable of self-directed growth if involved in a therapeutic relationship |
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6 conditions necessary and sufficient for personality changes/growth to occur
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psychological contact
the client is experiencing incongruence the therapist is congruent or integrated in the relationship the therapist experiences positive regard or real caring for the client the therapist experiences empathy for the client's internal fram of reference and endeavors to communicate this to the client the communication to the client is, to a minimal degree, achieved |
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Congruence
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genuineness or realness in the therapy session
therapist's behaviors match his or her words |
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Unconditional positive regard
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Acceptance and genuine caring about the client as a valuable person
Accepting clients as they presently are Therapist need not approve of all client behavior |
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Accurate empathic understanding
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the ability to deeply grasp the client's subjective world
helper attitudes are more important than knowledge (the therapist need not experience the situation to develop an understanding of it from the client's perspective) |
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Genuineness according to Egan
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Not hiding behind a role
Spontaneous, yet tactful Not rule or technique bound Not impulsive or inhibited Non-defensive; can "hear" negative feedback Shares facial expressions rather than hiding Consistency in though, feeling, and behavior Consistency in value statements and behavior shares self: both verbally and nonverbally |
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Empathy helps clients to
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pay attention to and value their own experience
see earlier experiences in new ways modify their perceptions of themselves, others and the world increase their confidence in makign choices and pursuing a course of action |
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Qualities of the Therapist
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Focuses on the QUALITY of the therapeutic relationship
Provides a supportive therapeutic environment in which the CLIENT is the agent of change and healing Serves as a MODEL of a human being struggling toward greater realness Is GENUINE, integrated, and authentic, without a false front |
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Application to Group Therapy
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Therapist takes on the role of facilitator
-- creates therapeutic environment -- techniques are NOT stressed -- exhibits deep trust of the group members -- Provides support for members -- group members set the goals for the group Group setting fosters an open and accepting community where members can work on self-acceptance |
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Client-centered therapy used in
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Counselor training (skills based)
Expressive therapies -- Art (painting, drawing, sculpting, etc) -- Music -- Play -- Writing -- Experiential (drama, improvisatoinal) -- Mind-body connections |
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Person-centered Expressive Arts Therapy
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Various creative art forms
-- promote healing and self-discovery -- are inherently healing and promote self-awareness and insight Creative expression connects us to our feelings which are a source of life energy (feelings must be experienced to achieve self-awareness) Individuals must explore new facets of the self and uncover insights that transform them, creating wholenes (discovery of wholeness leads to understanding of how we relate to the outer world) The client's inner world and outer world become unified |
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Conditions for Creativity
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Acceptance of the individual
A non-judgmental setting Empathy Psychological freedom Stimulating and challenging experiences Individuals who have experienced unsafe creative environments feel "held back" and may disengage from creative processes Safe, creative environments give clients permission to be authentic and to delve deeply into their experiences |
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Principles for Relationships w Children (some)
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I am not all knowing. Therefore, I shall not even attempt to be
I need to be loved. Therefore I will be open to loving children. I want to be more accepting of the child in me. Therefore, I will with wonder and awe, allow children to illuminate my world. I know so little about the complex intricacies of childhood. Therefore, I will allow children to teach me. |
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Limitations of the Person-Centered Approach
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Cultural considerations:
-- some clients may prefer a more directive, structured treatment -- individuals accustomed to indirect communication may not be comfortable with direct expression of empathy of creativity -- Individuals from collectivistic cultures may disagree with the emphasis on internal locus of control Does not focus on the use of specific techniques, making this treatment difficult to standardize Beginning therapists may find it difficult to provide both support and challenges to clients Limits of the therapist as a person may interfere with developing a genuine therapeutic relationship |
