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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5 Categories of Therapeutic Approaches
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Psychodynamic: insight, unconscious motivation, reconstruction of the personality
Experiential and Relationship-oriented: existential, person-centered, and Gestalt therapy Action therapies: reality therapy, behavior therapy, rational emotive behavior therapy, cognitive therapy Systems Perspective: feminist therapy and family therapy Postmodern: social constructionism, solution-focused brief therapy, and narrative therapy. challenge the basic assumptions of most of the traditional approaches by assuming that there is no single truth and that reality is socially constructed through human interaction |
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Two types of Psychodynamic Approaches
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Psychoanalytic
Adlerian |
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Psychoanalytic Approach
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past influences, current personality and behavior, unconscious influences
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Adlerian Approach
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focuses on meaning, goals, purposeful behavior, conscious action, belonging, and social interest
accounts for present behavior by studying childhood experiences, but does not focus on unconscious dynamics |
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Existential Approach
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how we become fully human while dealing with "givens" of life, such as guilt, death, freedom, etc.
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Person-centered Approach
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attitudes of the therapist/client-therapist relationship determine outcomes for client
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Gestalt Approach
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what clients are experiencing here and now
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Behavioral Approach
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how behavior is reinforced, punished, created, learned
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Cognitive Approach
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how thinking affects the way we feel and behave
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Reality Approach
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focus on clients current behaviors and creating action plans
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Feminist Approach
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how environmental conditions contributes to gender-role socialization and gender inequality, especially for women
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Post-modern Approach
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there is no single truth; we produce our own lives
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Family systems Approach
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the individual can only be understood within the context of the family
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Essential to being a therapist
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counseling entails far more than becoming a skilled technician
it is not sufficient to be merely a good person with good intentions need knowledge of counseling theory and techniques, theories of personality, and supervised experiences |
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The effective counselor is
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authentic
sure of themselves strong communication skills (create a sense of trust and empathic understanding, allow clients to explore and clarify problems, ensure clients feel confident) congruence/genuineness unconditional positive regard and acceptance empathy ** concreteness developed sense of well-being self-awareness being there/presence flexibility openness being knowledgeable and resourcefulness caring professionalism desire for self-preservation |
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Issues faced by beginner therapists
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Achieving a sense of balance and well-being
Questioning competency as you learn new techniques or begin to practice on your own without supervision Accepting your limitations while simultaneously acknowledging your strengths Managing difficult and unsatisfying relationships with clients Struggling with commitment and personal growth Developing healthy helping relationships with clients Developing healthy personal boundaries in your professional life |
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3 Types of ethics
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Mandatory
Aspirational Positive |
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Mandatory Ethics
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minimum level of professional practice
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Aspirational Ethics
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higher level of practice; what is in the best interest of the client
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Positive Ethics
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approach for therapists who want to do their best
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Purpose of informed consent
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clients need enough information about the counseling process to be able to make informed choices
Educate clients about their rights and responsibilities |
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Limits of Confidentiality
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Duty to Warn (Tarasoff Case)
The client poses a danger to self or others A client under the age of 16 is the victim of abuse A dependant adult or older adult is the victim of abuse The client needs to be hospitalized The information is made an issue in a court action The client requests a release of record |
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Biases are reflected when we
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Neglect social and community factors to focus unduly on individualism
Assess clients with instruments that have not been normed on the population they represent Judge as psychopathological – behaviors, beliefs, or experiences that are normal for the client’s culture Strictly adhere to Western counseling theories without considering its applicability to the client’s diverse cultural background |
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Assessment
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an ongoing process designed to help the counselor evaluate key elements of a client's psychological functioning
Assessment practices are influenced by the therapist's theoretical orientation Requires cultural sensitivity Can be helpful in treatment planning |
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Diagnosis
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the process of identifying pattern of symptoms which fit the criteria for a specific mental disorder defjined in the DSM-IV-TR
Requires cultural sensitivity Counselors debate its utility in understanding the client’s subjective world Can be helpful in treatment planning |
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Dual Relationships
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Are not deemed inherently unethical in the ethics codes of the APA or ACA
Multiple relationships must be managed in an ethical way to eliminate non-professional interactions and protect client well-being |
