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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Multi method assessment
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- no measure of personality or behavior is perfect it is best to use multiple methods
o tests o interviews o observations o other sources Convergent conclusions can be made with more confidence Hopefully a pattern in the different tools used and how they’re coming together |
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Evidence based assessment
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Based on what works empirically
Similar to movement regarding “what works in therapy”, but data is not quite abundant yet |
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Objective personality tests
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- include unambiguous test items, offer clients a limited range of responses, and are objectively scored
- usually self report: read items on questionnaire, T/F or how much they agree on a likert scale - “I enjoy being in large groups of people” T/F? |
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Minnesota Multiphasic personality inventory
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Most popular and most psychometrically sound objective personality test
- used worldwide, translated into dozens of languages - pencil/paper, 567 self descriptive sentences - T/F |
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Empirical criterion keying used was test construction method (Minnesota Multiphasic personality inventory)
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- item is included in test only if it elicits different responses from clinical group
- “ I feel like people are out to get me” this question can determine High paranoid vs. low paranoid group - Revised MMPI-2, published 1989 - Better norms, demographically/culturally - Less outdated wording items |
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Validity scales (Minnesota Multiphasic personality inventory)
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- measure test taking attitudes
- can identify clients who “fake good” or “fake bad”/clients who respond randomly - may be faked for jobs/court - may do random responses |
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MMPI-A, MMPI-2-RF
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MMPI-A
Age 14-18 published 1992 - same clinical, validity, and administration MMPI-2-RF - briefer, less overlap between clinical scales - Psychometrics and comprehensiveness Limitations: length |
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MMCMI-III
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Million clinical multiaxial inventory
Created by Theodore millon Like MMPI-2 - comprehensive objective personality test - self report, pencil, paper Main difference: MCMI-III emphasizes personality disorders Clinical scales based on DSM personality disorders |
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NEO – PI- R
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Created by Paul Costa and Robert Mccrae
Another objective personality test - pencil/paper, self report format Main distinction: measures normal traits - Based on Five factor model of personality - openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism - lacks validity, and limited help for clinical diagnosis |
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Beck Depression Inventory – II
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Not comprehensive, but brief, targeted measure of one characteristic (depression)
- 21 items, 5-10 minutes - pencil/paper, self report - lacks validity, much more limited scope than other tests discussed - may be given before every session or every few session, updates, very brief, people are pretty responsive to concrete measures of things (quantifies feelings for patient) |
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Projective Hypothesis
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“the thesis that an individual supplies structure to unstructured stimuli in a manner consistent with the individuals own unique pattern of unconscious, needs, fears, desires, impulses, conflicts, and ways of perceiving responding.
- lack of objectivity in scoring and interpretation - considered to be empirically inferior objective tests - usage has declined - advocates claim less fake-able |
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Thermatic Apperception Test
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Published 1943 by Henru Murray and Christiana Morgan
Like Rorschach in that it involves a series of cards with ambiguous stimuli (interpersonal situations, says what they think, look for patterns in responses No empirically scored, reliability and validity questionable |
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Sentence completion test
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Ambiguous stimuli, beginning of sentences
Rotter incomplete sentence blank (RISB) is most widely used I enjoy ___ Not often formal or empirical Use it for repore and conversation to focus on in later sessions |
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Behavioral Assessment
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Believes that it’s not problems causing behavior, but behavior causing problems (whatevers manifesting itself in conscious awareness is a product of what’s happening at a deeper unconscious level)
Interactions with people based out of parent child relationship will carry on and strengthen with other people |
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Behavioral techniques of measurement
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- direct systematic observation of client in environment
- naturalistic observation measure: frequency, duration, and intensity across time periods - more accurate than asking client to report on their own behavior Naturalistic observation not possible, analogue observation is used - replicate situation in clinic Recording of behaviors is crucial - done by parent, teacher, friend, client - enables functionality of behavior to be determined - this functionality is key concept in behavioral assessment |
