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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Signs of Clinical Depression
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Sad
Insomnia Guilt Energy low Concentration low Appetite down Psychomotor retardation Suicidal |
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Biochemical Basis for Depression
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Low levels of Norepinephrine, serotonin, or dopamine in the mood center of the brain.
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Three Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA's)
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Elavil (Mostly used)
Tofranil Pamelor |
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How TCAs Work
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They inhibit reuptake of NE and serotonin by afferent neurons, intensifying effects of serotonin and NE.
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Adverse Effects of TCAs
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1. a1 antagonist (orthostatic hypotension)
2. Anticholinergic (Dry Mouth) 3. Antihistamine (Sedation) 4. Weight Gain 5. Tachycardia 6. Increased risk of seizures 7. Low TI |
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Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
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The earliest antidepressant. They inhibit MAO in the brain, increasing NE levels. Also inhibits MAO in liver. Side effect of Extreme Tachycardia.
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SSRI Antidepressants
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Selective Serotonin Re-Uptake Inhibitors.
They selectively increase serotonin levels in mood parts of brain. They have less severe side effects than TCAs but a higher suicide rate. |
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SSRIs can also treat:
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1. OCD
2. Generalized Anxiety Disorder 3. Panic Attacks 4. Anorexia 5. Post-traumatic syndrome |
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Prozac
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The first SSRI prescribed. Adverse effects:
1. Sexual dysfxn 2. Nausea 3. Headache 4. Agitation 5. Insomnia It inhibits CYTP-450. |
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SSRIs Besides Prozac
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1. Paxil
2. Zoloft 3. Celexa 4. Lexapro |
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(SARI Antidepressants)
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Serotonin Agonist and Reuptake Inhibitors. They include:
1. Desyrel 2. Serzone |
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Desyrel
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SARI Antidepressant that inhibits serotonin reuptake and stimulates serotonin receptors. Also used for insomnia. Side effects:
1. Histamine Antagonist 2. a1 Antagonist (hypotension) 3. Dry Mouth 4. Priapism |
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Serzone
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SARI Antidepressant that is a variant of Desyrel that doesn't cause Priapism. Promotes:
1. Learning 2. Memory 3. Motor Performance 4. Sexual Desire Black box labelled due to rare side effect of LIVER FAILURE |
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SNRI Antidepressants
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Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors.
Seperately classified from TCAs due to lower side effects.They are: 1. Effexor 2. Cymbalta |
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Effexor
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SNRI Antidepressant that has a short half-life, High TI. Adverse effects include:
1. Sedation 2. Sexual Dysfxn 3. Hypertension 4. Nausea 5. Dry Mouth 6. Withdrawl Symptoms |
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Cymbalta
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SNRI Antidepressant that inhibits both serotonin and NE. Approved for use as treatment for depression and DIABETIC NEUROPATHIC PAIN. Off labelly used for FIBROMYALGIA.
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NDRI
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Norepinephrine and Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors. They include:
1. Bupropion 2. Remeron |
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Bupropion
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NDRI Antidepressant that is commonly prescribed. Weak inhibitor of NE and Dopamine reuptake. TID. Risk of:
1. Seizures 2. Cardiac Arrhythmias |
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Remeron
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TCA anti-depressant that increases both NE and Serotonin. 1/1000 cases show agranulocytosis.
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Lithium Carbonate
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Drug of choice against bipolar disorder. However, has low efficacy and TI, and these side effects:
1. Dysrhythmias 2. Polyuria 3. Nausea 4. Hypothyroidism 5. Mental Sluggishness 6. Tremors 7. Teratogenicity 8. Weight Gain |
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Anti-seizure Meds Prescribed for Bipolar
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1. Depakote
2. Tegretol 3. Trileptal |
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Atypical Anti-psychotics Prescribed for Bipolar
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1. Zyprexa
2. Seroquel 3. Abilify 4. Risperdal |
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SSRIs As Appetite Supressors
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Increasing serotonin in the appetite part of the hypothalamus suppresses appetites.
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Fenfluramine
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SSRI that suppresses appetite. Two sided isomer. Right sided causes pure weight loss, left sided causes drowsiness so prescribed with PHENTERMINE. Pulled from the market.
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Redux
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Pure right sided form of fenfluramine. Causes severe PHTN due to serotonin stimulation of lungs. Also causes severe heart valve defects. Pulled from the market.
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Meridia
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SSRI that causes weight loss. Causes hypertension, constipation, insomnia and headaches.
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