Clinical Neuropsychology Final

Front 1

Mininges

Back 1

The protective thin layer of tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord

Front 2

PAD stands for (from inner to outer layer)

Back 2

Pia Mater, Arachnoid Membrane, Dura Mater

Front 3

List 5 of the most common subcortical dementias

Back 3

Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, and Diffuse Lewy Body Disease

Front 4

What part of the brain is mainly affected by Parkinson's?

Back 4

Substantia Nigra

Front 5

what part of the brain is mainly affected by Huntington's?

Back 5

Caudate Nucleus

Front 6

Edema

Back 6

swelling of the brain

Front 7

intracranial pressure

Back 7

occurs when there is no space left in the skull for the brain to swell (edema) and pressure accumulates. if severe above 20 mm Hg it can cause death.

Front 8

Brain herniation

Back 8

is when the brain is displaced or deformed because of hemorrhages, tumors, infections and other pathological processes.

Front 9

subdural hematoma

Back 9

bleeding that happens beneath the dura

Front 10

extradural hematoma

Back 10

bleeding outside of the dura

Front 11

epidural hematoma

Back 11

bleeding between the meninges and the skull less common (1-3%)

Front 12

Linear fracture

Back 12

benign and is distinctively straight

Front 13

depressed skull fracture

Back 13

great impact, shattered part of skull and brain, shattered pieces may get lodged in brain, increased risk of infection and meningeal artery rupture is also a possibility

Front 14

Post traumatic epilepsy

Back 14

may arise from scar tissue and brain penetrating head injuries, onset may be delayed, children are more susceptible. There is an increased risk if one has been in a coma for more than 24 hours. 20% do not have subsequent seizures after the first one. no driver's license and anticonvulsant medication is administered.

Front 15

cognitive reserve

Back 15

the number of neurons that are disposable without any cognitive damage

Front 16

concussions

Back 16

mild Traumatic Brain Injury. The damage is cumulative, meaning that the second time is much worse than the first and the damage experienced is also much worse. cognitive reserve would be important in this instance. Each injury brings you closer to going over the cognitive reserve which would indicate permanent damage.

Front 17

Brain Injury attention deficits

Back 17

not being able to multi-task anymore, noise sensitivity, reading time is shortened

Front 18

brain injury mood changes

Back 18

more irritable, higher levels of anxiety and depression

Front 19

brain injury and personality changes

Back 19

frontal lobe syndrome, loss of personalities, disinhibition and loss of friends/loved ones

Front 20

brain injury post traumatic amnesia

Back 20

forgetfulness, retro and anterograde amnesia after TBI

Front 21

Post Concussion

Back 21

dizzyness, headaches, amnesia, sensitivity to noise and light, energy loss, sensitivity to medication and alcohol, lessens over time

Front 22

malingering

Back 22

doing poorly on test on purpose. trying to get of work or school etc

Front 23

cogniform disorder

Back 23

so alongside malingering, this person would exaggerate their illness more than the damage would actually indicate, they would truly believe that they are a sick person and would consequently continue to act the role. doesn't really have any real reason for doing this.

Front 24

Applied Behavior Analysis

Back 24

Engage in task they are trying to recuperate , break down the task into the smallest steps possible and determine where the intermittent problem may lie. Integrate results of other testing.

Front 25

When should rehab be implemented?

Back 25

As soon as possible. The longer one waits the less likely to get any kind of recovery. neurons may recover but not necessarily in the same path.

Front 26

Ecological valididty

Back 26

the extent in which neruopsychological tests actually translate into real world behavior. e.g if patient is able to function normally at home despite the diagnosis of the test then it would indicate low ecological validity.

Front 27

Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test

Back 27

real world version of memory test, like addressing an envelope. Don't have a large number of translatable tests.

Front 28

Rehab Function (reinstitution)

Back 28

focus on fixing the problem, can we get proper function back, focus on performance.

Front 29

Rehab Performance (substitution)

Back 29

substituting broken part with other things to make up for it. Focus on compensation.

Front 30

Crystallized intelligence

Back 30

stored knowledge and habitual ways of acting and solving built up over a lifetime

Front 31

Fluid Intelligence

Back 31

novel reasoning and efficiency in solving new tasks and problems or responding to novel ideas

Front 32

Differential Preservation Hypothesis

Back 32

the differences in cognitive abilities of older adults are due to the differences in their current level of mental activity and mental exercise

Front 33

Preserved Differentiation Hypothesis

Back 33

"cognitive reserve" those that showed higher mental capacities to begin with continue to show similar patterns as they age

Front 34

Dementia

Back 34

loss of cognitive or intellectual function. Decline is acquired and unsual, usually reversible. Memory impairment is a prominent and necessary feature.