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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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why doesn't teponema stain well?
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too thin
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why doesn't rickettsia stain well?
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intracellular
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why doesn't mycobacteria stain well?
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high lipid content cell wall
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my doesn't mycoplasma stain well?
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no cell wall
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why doesn't legionella stain well?
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primary intracellular
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why doesn't chlamydia stain well?
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lacks muramic acid in cell wall
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what does PAS stain? What disease is it used to diagnose?
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stains glycogen, mucopolysaccharides; diagnose Whipple's disease
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what organisms use the Giemsa stain
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Borrelia, Plasmodium, trypanosomes, Chlamydia
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What organisms use the Ziehl Neelsen stain?
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acid fast organisms
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what media for N gonorrhea?
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Thayer-Martin or VPN: vancomycin, polymyxin, nystatin
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what media for H flu?
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chocolate agar w/ factors V (NAD+) + X (hematin)
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what cultures on Lowenstein Jensen agar?
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M TB
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what cultures on Eaton's agar?
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Mycoplasma
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what cultures on tellurite?
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C diptheriae
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what cultures on eosin-methylene blue as blue black colonies w/ a metallic sheen?
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ecoli
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Legionella is culture on?
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charcoal yeast buffered w/ cysteine
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What is cultured on Sabouraud's agar?
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fungi
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name 4 obligate aerobes
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Nagging pests must breathe: Norcardia, Pseudomonas, M TB, Bacillus
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name 3 obligate anaerobes
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Can't breathe air: Clostridium, Bacteriodes, Actinomyces
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what antibiotic does not work against anaerobes?
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aminoglycosides
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name 2 obligate intracellulars
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rickettsia, chlamydia
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name 7 facultative intracelluluars
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some nasty bugs may live facultativeLy: Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Listeria, Francisella, Legionella
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positive quellung reaction
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if encapsulated bug is present, capsule will swell
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name 7 encapsulated bacteria
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some killers have nice shiney bodies: S pneumo, Klebsiella, H flu, Neisseria meningitidis, Salmonella, grp B strep
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what vaccines are conjugated?
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pneumovax, HIB, meningococcal
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name 4 urease (+) bugs
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particular kinds have urease: proteus, klebsiella, H pylori, ureaplasma
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name 3 bugs that secrete IgA protease
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SHiN: S pneumo, H flu, Neisseria
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what bugs have ADP ribosylating AB toxins?
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Diptheria, Cholera, ETEC, Pertussis
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MOA diptheria toxin
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ADP ribosylates (inactivates) EF-2
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MOA cholera toxin
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ADP ribosylates G protein --> stimulate adenylate cyclase
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MOA ETEC toxin
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Heat labile: stimulate adenylate cyclase + Heat stable: stimulate guanyl cyclase
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MOA pertussis toxin
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inhibits Gα --> cAMP = cough; + inhibits chemokine receptor = lymphocytosis
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MOA C perfringens toxin
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lecithinase: acts as phosphodiesterase to cleave cell membranes
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MOA C tetani toxin
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blocks release of GABA + glycine
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MOA C botulinum toxin
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blocks release of ACHs
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MOA anthrax Edema Factor
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is an adenylate cyclase
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MOA shiga toxin
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cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome)
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where is endotoxin found?
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in outermembrane of g(-) bacteria
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3 main actions of endotoxin
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activate macrophages, activates complement, activates Hageman factor
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what is transformation?
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take up DNA from environment
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F+ x F- conjugation transfers what?
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plasmid DNA
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Hfr x F- conjugation transfers what/
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plasmid and chromosomal DNA
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what is generalized transduction?
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packaging event w/ lytic phage
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what is specialized transduction
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excision event w/ lysogenic phage
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name 5 toxins that are encoded in a lysogenic phage
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ABCDE: shigA, Botulinum, Cholera, Diptheria, Erythrogenic toxin (S pyogenes)
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