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166 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Enterobacteriaceae nitrate reduction and glucose production (- or +)
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positive for both
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leading cause of UTI
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Escherichia coli
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O, K, Vi, H antigens (what family
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Enterobacteriaceae
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Out of O, K, Vi, and H, which one is heat stable
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O antigen
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what letter is for the flagellum antigen?
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H
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where did E. coli get its toxins from
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Shigella
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what causes hemolytic uremia syndrom (HUS)
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E. coli
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Enterobacteriaceae oxidase and catalase tests?
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oxidase negative, catalase positive
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what letter is for capsular antigens
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K
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endotoxin of Enterobacteriaceae depends on what component of LPS
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lipid A
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what is the most common cause of hemorrhagic colitis
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E. coli O157
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Diseases:
Diarrhea,gastroenteritis,abscesses,pneumonia,meningitis,septicemia, (50% of cases),wound infections,urinary tract infections,etc. |
Enterobacteriaceae
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what group is salmonella typhimurium in
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group B
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what group is salmonella typhi
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group D
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causes diarrhea, dysentery, HUS, UTI, septicemia, pneumonia, meningitis
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E. coli
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what are the 6 virotypes of E. coli
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ETEC, EPEC, EHEC, EAEC, EIEC, DAEC
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CFA/I/II/III
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ETEC
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AAF/I/II
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EAEC
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bundle forming pili (Bfp)
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EPEC, EHEC
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intimin
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EPEC, EHEC
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Invasive Plasmid Antigen (Ipa)
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EIEC
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heat stable toxins Sta and Stb
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ETEC
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Shiga toxins Stx-1 and Stx-2
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EHEC
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Hemolysin HlyA
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EIEC
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Heat labile toxins LT-1 and LT-2
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ETEC
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LT and ST
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ETEC
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binds to glycoprotein receptor, activates membrane bound guinylate cyclase, net effect is secretion of fluids
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LT and ST of ETEC
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traveler's diarrhea, watery, vomiting, cramps, nauseae, low grade fever
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ETEC
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intimin and Bfp bind TIR (transolcated intimin receptor) that activates actin and leads to lesions
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EPEC
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Does E. coli O157 ferment sorbitol?
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noooooo
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similar to Shigella, destroys colonic epithelium, pInv genes, actin tails, can cause ulceration
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EIEC
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water diarrhea in kids, binds to intestinal cells, stacked brick formation, ST-like toxin and hemoylsin-like toxin
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EAEC
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stimulate elongation of microvilli, watery diarrhea in 1-5 year olds
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DAEC
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2500 _____ all in Salmonella enterica
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serovars
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what causes typhoid fever
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salmonella typhi
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does salmonella typhimurium cause typhoid fever?
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no!!!
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infection: passes through cells lining the intestines, engulfed by macrophages, replicated in liver spleen, and bone marrow: 10-14 days later cause headache, myalgia, malaise, anorexia, and GI problems
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enteric fever salmonella
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Salmonella poona, javiana, oranienburg, enteriditis, typhimurium (typhoidal or non-typhoidal?)
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non-typhoidal
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ruffling is associated with what bacterial genus
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salmonella
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antigenic phase variation
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salmonella
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is salmonella intracellular or extracellular
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intracellular
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epidemiology: contaminated foods, direct fecal-oral spread, eating uncooked or improperly cooked foods
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salmonella
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diseases: enteric fever, enteriti, bacteremia
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salmonella
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treatment for salmonella infections
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fluoroquinolones, sulfur drugs
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severe form of shigellosis
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bacterial dysentery
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4 species of shigella (are these biotypes, virotypes or serotypes)
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S. sonnei, flexneri, boydii, dysenteriae (biotypes)
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reservoir for shigella
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humans
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what is the shigella toxin called
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shiga toxin
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what does shiga toxin cause
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damages intestinal epithelium
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2 main species of klebsiella
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pneumoniae, oxytoca
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Bacterium lactis is associated with what genus
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klebsiella
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what is responsible for the mucoid appearance of klebsiella
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capsule
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does klebsiella produce bacteriocins
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yes
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community-acquired lobar pneumonia, wound infections, UTI's, destruction of alveolar spaces, formation of cavities, and blood tinged sputum
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Klebsiella pneumoniae
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Friedlander's pneumonia, nosocomial, 2 high affinity iron uptake systems
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Klebsiella pneumoniae
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aerobacter is related to what genus
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enterobacter
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2 species of enterobacter
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aerogenes, cloacae
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does enterobacter ferment lactose?
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yessss
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deaminase activity (3)
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proteus, providencia, and morganella
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produces lots and lots of urease, 10% of community acquired UTI, motile
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proteus vulgaris
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two species of providencia
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stuartii, rettgeri
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lactose and hydrogen sulfide tests for providencia
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both negative
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hydrogen sulfide test for morganella
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positive
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three species of yersinia
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pestis, enterocolitica, pseudotuberculosis
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CIN plate used for isolating what
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Yersinia, enterocolitica
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what disease does Yersinia pestis cause
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black plague/bubonic plague
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where is Y. pestis endemic to
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SW US
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grows on BA, stalactite broth patterns, pinpoint colonies
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Yersinia pestis
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what two plasmids for yersinia and what do they do
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F1 (codes for antiphagocytic capsule), Pla (degrades complement components)
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optimal temp for yersinia
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27 degrees celsius
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vector for yersinia
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flea
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causes diarrhea, fever, mimics appendicitis, severe gastroenteritis, mesenteric lymphadentis, septicemia, localized to mesenteric lymph nodes and ileum
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Yersinia enterocolitica
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reservoir for Yersinia enterocolitica
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pork/swine
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for Y. enterocolitica, septicemia, then __% mortality
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50
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attacks many species of wild and domestic animals causing a fatal septicemia, small ovoid bacillus shape, zoonosis transferable to man
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Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
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humans usually show a typhoid like illness with fever, purpura, and enlargement of liver and spleen, stimulates appendicitis, infection localized to iluem and mesenteric lymph nodes, mainly affects 5-15 year olds
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Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
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is vibrio oxidase positive or negative
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positive
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3 species of vibrio
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cholera, parahaemolyticus, vulnificus
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how much of vibrionaceae implicated as pathogens
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1/3
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is virbio monotrichous or peritrichious or lophotrichous
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monotrichous
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sensitivity of vibrio (what disk)
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0/129
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Vibrio is mostly halotolerant (T?F)
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T
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main pathogen of vibrio
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cholerae
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what is the epidemic cholera strain (V. cholerae)
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01
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what kind of water do you use to grow Vibrio cholerae (what ph)
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alkaline peptone water (9.6)
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what color is V. cholerae on TCBS agar; V. parahaemolyticus?
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yellow, green
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01 subtypes/serotypes of vibrio cholerae (what 3)
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inaba, ogawa, hikojima
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2 biotypes of 01 (v. cholerae)
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el tor, classical
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difference between biotypes and serotypes of 01 (v. cholerae) (which one is phenotypic)
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biotypes: phenotypic characteristics for differentiation
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sudden onset of vomiting and profuse water diarrhea, rapid dehydration, rice water stools, muscle cramps, anuria, lethargy
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v. cholerae
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where does v. cholerae multiply (what organ)
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small intestine
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what are the 2 cholera toxins
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ctxA and ctxB
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Tcp, Acf, Hap, neuraminidase, ToxR
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v. cholerae; toxin coregulated pilus, accessory colonization factor, hemagglutination-protease
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how many A subunites and how many B subunits for cholera toxin
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1, 5
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causes transfer of ADP ribose from NAD to a regulatory protein which is part of the adenylate cyclase enzyme that makes intracellular cAMP, leads to overproduction of cAMP
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cholera enterotoxin
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O139 strain is associated with what
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non-01 V. cholerae
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has non-01 V. cholerae spread beyond S. Asia
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no!!
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what does non-01 v. cholerae resemble
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01 El Tor
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ubiquitous in sea water, seasonal in warmer temperatures, hemolysin is virulence factor, appears green on TCBS
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Vibrio parahaemolyticus
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foodborne disease, can cause extra-intestinal infections, high mortality in septicemia patients (what vibrio species)
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vulnificus
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DOC for vibrio vulnificus
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azithromycin
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rapid onset, cellulitis, acute diarrhea (what virbio species)
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vulnificus
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oxidase test for campylobacter
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positive
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what two bacteria associated with Guillain Barre' syndrom
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Campylobacter jejuni and upsaliensis
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Campylobacter jejuni and upsaliensis associated with what syndrome
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Guillain-Barre'
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grows best at 42 degrees, microaerophilic, needs special medium
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Campylobacter jejuni
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seagull shaped (thin curve gram negative rods)
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Campylobacter
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98% of raw chicken has what bacteria
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Campylobacter
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highest cause of diarrheal disease in college students
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campylobacter
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DOC for campylobacter
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macrolides, erythromycin, fluoroquinolones
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invasion of campylobacter jejuni is similar to what other bacteria
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shigella
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clinical diagnosis for campylobacter jejuni
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acute enteritis
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protein like capsule "surface protein" of C. fetus responsible for what
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resistance
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corkscrew shape, motile, causes gastric ulcers, 40% of US ppl carriers
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helicobacter pylori
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urease enzymes neutralize environment
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helicobacter pylori
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what is the warthin-starry stain effective for
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helicobacter pylori
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bismuth, omplazole and clarithromicin and amoxacillin can be used synergetically for what
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helicobacter pylori
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what causes hemin (blood in urine), chronic inflammation
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helicobacter pylori
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virulence factors, adhesins, urease, flagella, vacuolating cytotoxin, cagA protein, superoxide dismutase, phospholipases A1, A2 and C, LPS
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helicobacter virulence factors
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oxidase test for pseudomonas
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positive
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severe burns, burn patients likely infected with this
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pseudomonas aeruginosa
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non lactose fermenter, greenish pigment, aerobic growth
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pseudomonas aeruginosa
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sometimes stick together (flagella present)
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pseudomonas
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smells like grapes
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pseudomonas
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resistant to many antibiotics, oxidative fermenter, non-fermenting bacilli
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pseudomonas
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what three genuses used to be pseudomonas
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Burkholderia, Stenotrphomonas, Xanthomonas
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is pseudomonas fastidious? diverse?
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no, yes
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can be very pathogenic, invasive, found in soil of SE Asia (Vietnam)
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Burkholderia pseudomallei
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not common, very resistant to antibiotics, founds in plants and vegetation, opportunistic, nosocomial
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Burkholderia cepacia
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Diseases: otitis externa, folliculitis, pulmonary, skin and soft tissue, osteochondritis, eye infections, UTI, bacteremia and endocarditis
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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alginate capsule
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P. aeruginosa
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microcolines establish on lunge and damage lung, bacteria never completely cleared from lungs, mucoid strain (what disease plays these roles in cystic fibrosis patients)
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bonchopulmonary disease (p. aeruginosa)
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extracellular proteases of P. aeruginosa (3)
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elastase, alkaline phosphotase, protease IV
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Exotoxin A, rhamnolipids, phospholipase C, siderophore (pyoverdin), pyocyanin
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virulence factors of P. aeruginosa
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role of _____: obstructs opsonization, neutralize oxygen radical of PMNs, provides adherence, inhibits complement, limits antibiotics
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alginate
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3rd generation cephalosporin used to treat what
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pseudomonas
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low permeability of CW, wide variety of resistance mechanisms, mutations of resistance genes, additional resistance from plasmids, transposon, bacteriophages
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p. aeruginosa antiobiotic resistance
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causes melioidosis: begins as ulcer, then lymphangitis and sepsis, can cause chronic lung disease, highly infectious (potential biological weapon)
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Burkholderia pseudomallei
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what animals for brucella melitensis
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sheep, goats
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what animals for brucella abortus
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cattle, bison
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what animals for brucella ovis
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sheep
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what animals for brucella neotomae
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desert rat
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is brucella intra or extracellular
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intracellular
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biosafety level 3!!
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brucella
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Brucella melitensis, abortus, canis, ovis, neotomae, suis are 6 what (biotypes, serotypes, virotypes)
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biotypes
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4 fold rise in titer or 1:160 for antibodies
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brucella
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DOC for Brucella
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doxycline with rifampin or trimethoprim-sulfamethaxazole for preggers
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rabbit fever
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francisella tularensis
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what was francisella tularensis formerly called
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pasteurella
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how many biogroups for francisella
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3
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francisella tularensis uses what media
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cystein glucose
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glycerol as a carbon source for diagnostic serologic test
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francisella tularensis
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ulceroglandular, typhoidal, oculoglandular, oropharyngeal, pneumonic, gastrointestinal
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francisella tularensis
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rabbit fever, tick fever, deer fly fever
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francisella tularensis
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DOC for francisella tularensis
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gentamicin and fluoroquinolones
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what animal is Type A francisella tularensis associated with
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hard shell tick
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causative agent of whooping cough
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bordetella
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infection via inhalation, severe respiratory infection
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bordetella pertussis
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causes a milder form of pertussis
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bordatella parapertussis
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what species of bordetella infects primarily animals
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bronchiseptica
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is the vaccine for whooping cough acellular?
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yes
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4 stages of whooping cough
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incubation, catarrhal, paroxysmal, convalescent
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virulence genes are expressed via what? (bordatella)
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signal transduction system
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out of bordatella pertussis, parapertussis, and bronchiseptica, which are urease negative
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only bordatella pertussis
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what toxin kills ciliated respiratory cells (bordatella pertussis)
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tracheal cytotoxin
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filamentous hemagglutinin, PT, tracheal cyotoxin, adenylate cyclase toxin, dermonecrotic toxin, endotoxin
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virulence factors for bordetella pertussis
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