Clinical Exam - Ekg

Front 1

height of 1 little box

Back 1

1 mm

Front 2

width of 1 little box; 1 big box

Back 2

0.04 s; 0.2 s

Front 3

distance measured in between to cardiac events

Back 3

interval

Front 4

line from 1 TP seg to the next

Back 4

baseline

Front 5

wave that represents repolarization of atria; which direction is it?; in what pathology can it be seen?

Back 5

Tp wave; same direction as P wave; ST depression because QRS comes sooner

Front 6

time between end of P wave and beginning of QRS

Back 6

PR segment

Front 7

in which leads are Q waves normally found? why?

Back 7

I, aVL, V6; caused by septal IV

Front 8

when is Q wave considered significant? indicates what?

Back 8

>= 0.03 s or height is >= 1/3 height of R wave; MI

Front 9

measured from beginning of QRS to beginning of neg downslope of R wave; represents what?

Back 9

intrinsicoid deflection; time for impulse to get from Purkinje to endocardium

Front 10

from end of QRS to beginning of T wave; what does this represent?

Back 10

ST segment; neutrality allowing contraction of ventricles to push out blood

Front 11

where QRS ends and ST seg begins

Back 11

J point

Front 12

name direction and symmetry of T wave

Back 12

same direction as QRS; asymmetrical

Front 13

represents all ventricular events

Back 13

QT interval

Front 14

what is the normal length of QT interval?

Back 14

shorter than 1/2 the previous R-R interval

Front 15

equation for QTc; how is it different than QT?

Back 15

QTc = QT + 1.75 (VR-60); corrected for HR

Front 16

when will you see U wave?

Back 16

normal people with bradycardia; hypokalemia

Front 17

P wave duration and axis

Back 17

0.08-0.11 s; 0-75 deg

Front 18

PR seg height

Back 18

baseline to 0.8

Front 19

PR seg > 0.8 mm indicates:

Back 19

pericarditis or atrial infarct

Front 20

PR interval duration

Back 20

0.12-0.2 s

Front 21

QRS duration and axis

Back 21

0.06-0.11 s; -30 to 105 deg

Front 22

intrinsicoid deflection in V1, V2; in V5, V6

Back 22

L: 0.035; R: 0.045

Front 23

what does longer intrinsicoid deflection indicate?

Back 23

hypertrophy or block

Front 24

ST seg height

Back 24

baseline

Front 25

QTc duration

Back 25

0.41 s

Front 26

rate for SA, atrial foci, junctional foci, ventricular foci

Back 26

SA 60-100; atrial 60-80; junctional 40-60; ventricular 20-40

Front 27

6 steps in determining rhythm

Back 27

fast or slow, regularity, P wave variations, P wave relation to QRS, QRS width, pattern of irregular rhythm

Front 28

rate < 100 with 3 different P waves; common in what?

Back 28

wandering atrial pacer (WAP); COPD

Front 29

rate > 100 with 3 different P waves; common in what?

Back 29

multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT); COPD

Front 30

3 causes of wide QRS

Back 30

PVC, V tach, BBB

Front 31

what varies in sinus arrhythmia due to respiration?

Back 31

TP interval only

Front 32

is the time interval a multiple of P-P interval in sinus pause?

Back 32

no

Front 33

is the time interval a multiple of P-P interval in SA block?

Back 33

yes

Front 34

is rhythm regular or irregular with APC?

Back 34

irregular

Front 35

is the pause compensated or not compensated in APC?

Back 35

not compensated

Front 36

rate of ectopic atrial tachycardia

Back 36

100-180 bpm

Front 37

rate of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

Back 37

atrial 150-250 bpm

Front 38

rate of atrial flutter

Back 38

atrial 250-350 bpm; ventricular 125-175 bpm

Front 39

rate of atrial fib

Back 39

35-450 bpm

Front 40

originates in AV node and travels down normal conduction path; normal QRS; anterograde or retrograde P wave

Back 40

junctional premature contraction

Front 41

is the pause with premature ventricular contraction compensatory or not?

Back 41

compensatory

Front 42

what does the QRS look like with PVC?

Back 42

wider and taller

Front 43

when is PVC most dangerous?

Back 43

when falling on a T wave

Front 44

does ventricular escape beat cause compensatory or non compensatory pause?

Back 44

non because normal pacer doesn't fire

Front 45

rate of V tach

Back 45

100-200 bpm

Front 46

width of QRS in V tach

Back 46

>= 0.16 s

Front 47

are precordial leads negative or positive in V tach?

Back 47

negative

Front 48

beats due to complete IV by SA node producing normal QRS in V tach

Back 48

capture beat

Front 49

beat due to some IV from SA producing abnormal QRS in V tach

Back 49

fusion beat

Front 50

interval from R wave to bottom of S wave; length?

Back 50

Brugada's sign; > 0.1 s

Front 51

notching near low point of S wave

Back 51

Josephson's sign

Front 52

rate of torsade de pointes

Back 52

200-250 bpm

Front 53

what initiates torsade de pointes?

Back 53

prolonged QT

Front 54

rate of ventricular flutter

Back 54

200-300 bpm

Front 55

ventricular flutter with 1:1 conduction of atrial flutter

Back 55

Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome

Front 56

PR > 0.2 s, regular rhythm

Back 56

first degree block

Front 57

2nd degree Mobitz 1 block =

Back 57

Wenckebach

Front 58

caused by long refractory period of AV node, prolonged PR until beat is dropped

Back 58

2nd degree Mobitz 1 block

Front 59

grouped beats with a beat dropped in between, constant PR

Back 59

2nd degree Mobitz 2 block

Front 60

proteins that isolate SA node from atrial muscle

Back 60

connexins

Front 61

tract of specialized cells that transmit impulses through interatrial septum

Back 61

Bachmann bundle

Front 62

left anterior fasicle goes where?

Back 62

anterior and superior LV

Front 63

left posterior fasicle goes where?

Back 63

posterior and inferior LV

Front 64

phase of depolarization

Back 64

0

Front 65

phase of peak positivity

Back 65

1

Front 66

phase of plateau in ventricular cells allowing contraction

Back 66

2

Front 67

phase of repolarization

Back 67

3

Front 68

placement of V1, V2

Back 68

4th ICS parasternally

Front 69

placement of V4

Back 69

5th ICS MCL

Front 70

placement of V5

Back 70

anterior axillary line

Front 71

placement of V6

Back 71

mid axillary line

Front 72

limb leads are placed at least how far from heart?

Back 72

10 cm

Front 73

in what plane due precordial leads split heart?

Back 73

transverse

Front 74

in what plane due hexaxial leads split heart?

Back 74

coronal

Front 75

leads for inferior wall

Back 75

II, III aVF

Front 76

leads of septal wall

Back 76

V1, V2

Front 77

leads for anterior wall

Back 77

V3, V4

Front 78

leads for lateral wall

Back 78

V5, V6