Clinical Exam - Ch. 20 - Anus, Rectum, And Prostate

Front 1

Lesion located in the midline, superficial to the coccyx and lower sacrum; seen as a dimple with a sinus tract opening. The opening may contain a tuft of hair and be surrounded by erythema.

Back 1

Pilonidal Cysts

Front 2

Pink to whitish growths that occur on the anus and genitalia as a result of HPV infection.

Back 2

Anal Warts

Front 3

The majority of these cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, which are associated with ___ infection.

Back 3

Anal Cancer, HPV

Front 4

Appear as an area of swelling with variable degrees of erythema or the anus, both internally and externally. They are painful and tender, and usually the patient has a fever. May be the cause of an unexpected fever.

Back 4

Perianal Abscesses

Front 5

A lesion in the anal mucosa appearing most often in the Anterior/Posterior midline, usually caused by passage of large, hard stools. Symptoms may include pain, itching, or bleeding. The internal sphincter is spastic/hypotonic.

Back 5

Anorectal Fissure, Posterior, Spastic

Front 6

An inflammatory tract that runs from the anus or rectum and opens onto the surface of the perianal skin or other tissue. It is caused by ____ __ _ ___. Drainage may be ___ or ___. The external opening is usually seen as elevatd red granular tissue.

Back 6

Anorectal Fistula; drainage of an abscess; serosanguineous, purulent

Front 7

Excoriation, thickening, and pigmentation of the perianal skin from chronic inflammation. Symptoms are burning or itching that may interfere with sleep. It is commonly caused by ___ infections in adults and by ___ in children.

Back 7

Pruritus Ani; fungal; parasites

Front 8

Vericose veins that originate below the anorectal line and are covered by anal skin. They may cause itching and bleeding with defecation.

Back 8

External Hemorrhoids

Front 9

Vericose veins that originate above the anorectal junction and are covered by rectal mucosa. They produce soft swellings that are not palpable on rectal examination and are not visible unless they prolapse through the anus. Bleeding may occur with or without defecation.

Back 9

Internal Hemorrhoids

Front 10

Evidences by rectal bleeding. Sometimes palpable on rectal examination as soft nodules. May be adenomas or inflammatory in origin. ___ is usually required for diagnosis and ___ is necessary to distinguish them from carcinoma.

Back 10

Polyps; proctoscopy; biopsy

Front 11

Usually felt as a sessile polypoid mass with nodular raised edges and areas of ulceration. The consistency is often ___ and the contour is ___. The most common symptom is ___, but is often asymptomatic.

Back 11

Rectal Carcinoma; stony; irregular; bleeding

Front 12

These can be felt as a hard, nodular shelf at the tip of the examining finger during a rectal exam.

Back 12

Intraperitoneal metastases

Front 13

With rectal prolapse - pink and looking like a doughnut or rosette involves the ___. Red with circular folds involves the ___ ___. Rectal prolapse in children is associated with ___ ___.

Back 13

Mucosa; muscular wall (complete prolapse); cystic fibrosis

Front 14

Prostate is enlarged, tender, and often asymmestric. The patient may also have urethral discharge and fever. ____ may develop, which is felt as a fluctuant mass in the prostate. The seminal vesicles are often involved and may be dilated and tender on palpation.

Back 14

Acute protatitis; abscess

Front 15

Usually asymptomatic, however, the prostate may feel boggy, enlarged, and tender or have palpable areas of fibrosis that simulate neoplasm.

Back 15

Chronic prostatitis

Front 16

This parasite lives in the rectum or colon and emerges onto perianal skin to lay eggs while the child sleeps The patient experiences intense itching of the perianal area. The parents often describe unexplained irritability in the infant or child, especially at night. How would one obtain a specimen?

Back 16

Enterobiasis (roundworm, pinworm); The parasite is the nematode. Press the sticky side of cellulose tape against the perianal folds and then press the tape on a glass slide.

Front 17

A rectum that may end blindly, be stenosed, or have fistulous connection to the perineum, urinary tract, or, in females, the vagina. The condition is usually diagnosed by rectal examination and confirmed by what?

Back 17

Imperforate Anus; Lack of passage of stool within the first 48 hours of life.

Front 18

Symptoms include urinary hesitancy, decreased force and caliber of stream, dribbling, incomplete emptying of the bladder, frequency, urgency, nocturia, and dysuria. On rectal exam, the prostate feels smooth, rubbery, symmetric, and enlarged. Common in med older than __.

Back 18

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy; 50

Front 19

Asymptomatic early in the disease. As the disease advances, symptoms of urinary obstruction occur. On rectal examination, a hard, irregular nodule may be palpable. The prostate feels asymmetric, and the median sulcus is obliterated. What could produce similar findings (2)?

Back 19

Prostatic Carcinoma; prostatic calculi and chronic inflammation