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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the investing layer of deep cervical fascia wraps around...
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2 muscles and 2 glands
1. sternocleidomastoid 2. trapezius 3. parotid 4. submandibular |
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buccinator
origin, insertion, action, nerve |
Origin
- pterygomandibular raphe and the alveolar margins of the max and man insertion - some fibres blend into obicularis oris and some blend into the upper and lower lips action - aids in mastication by keeping the bolus b/t cheek and teeth. Also helps to forcible expel air or suck the cheeks in. Nerve - facial (buccal branch) |
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Masseter
origin, insertion, action, nerve |
origin and insertion of superficial head
- inf border of the ant 2/3 of the zygomatic arch to the angle of madible and inf/lat parts of ramus Origin and insertion of the deep head - medial border of zygomatic arch to the superolateral mandibular ramus and the coronoid process Action - elevates the mandible Nerve - masseteric branch from the mandibular part of trigeminal n. |
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Lateral Pterygoid
origin, insertion, action, nerve |
Origin and inserion of upper head
- greater wing of the sphenoid infratemporal crest to the articular disc and capsule of the TMJ Origin and Insertion of the lower head - lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate to the pterygoid fovea on the neck of the condyle of the mandible Action - depress and protrude the mandible as well as lateral excursion of the Man Nerve - lat pterygoid branches of the mandibular division of trigeminal which exits the foramen ovale lying medial to the lateral pterygoid |
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Medial Pterygoid
origin, insertion, action, nerve |
Origin of deep head
- medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate Origin of the superficial head - maxillary tuberosity and the pyramidal process of palatine Insertion - medial surface of Ramus and angle of Man (pterygoid tubercles) Action - elevation, protrusion and lateral excursion of the Man Nerve - medial pterygoid branch of the mandibular division of trigeminal n. |
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Superior Constrictor M.
origin, insertion, action, nerve |
Origin and Insertion
- pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, retromandibular trigone of mandible, side of tongue to pharyngeal tubercle and pharyngeal raphe Actions - constrics the upper portion of the phaynx Nerve - pharyngeal plexus (motor portion of this plexus is formed by the pharyngeal brance of the vagus n and the cranial part of the accessory n. |
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Obicularis Oris
origin, insertion, action, nerve |
Origin and Insertion
- ant midline of max and Man, modiolus to the skin along the mouth Action - closes mouth, protrusion and pursing of the lips Nerve - facial nerve (buccal and mandibular branches) |
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Mylohyoid
origin, insertion, action, nerve |
Origin and insertion
- mylohyoid line of man to the body of Hyoid Action - elevates and retracts the hyoid Nerve - facial n. |
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what is refered to as the danger triangle and why
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the areas of the canine fossasuperficial to the anterior wall of the maxilla b/c the facial vein drains these areas and possible backflow can allow drainage from that area including bacteria to enter the brain
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What are the boundaries of the buccal space
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space bounded medially by the buccinators and Laterally by the skin. Above it is bounded by the zygoatic arch and the masseter and inferiorly bounded by the mandible
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In the maxilla, infection above the buccinator will usually go...
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Into the buccal space
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In the maxilla, infection below the buccinator will usually go...
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into the vestibule
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In the medial mandible, infection above mylohyoid will usually go...
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into the vestibule
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In the medial mandible, infection below mylohyoid will usually go...
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into the mylohyoid space
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what teeth are usually responsible for buccal space infections
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Lower teeth
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a draining sinus of an abcess is one that
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drains into the vestibule
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what is trismus and what is the most common cause
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known as lockjaw, is the inability to normally open the mouth. Inflammation of soft tissue around impacted third molar is the most common cause of trismus
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what are some clinical features of the Submassenteric space
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tissue is tight here but can get infection from third molars causing much pain. The infection can infiltrate the substance of the muscle causing swelling. Antibiotic therapy is required in these circumstances
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what is the pterygomandibular space
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space containing the inferior alveolar nerve, artery and vein. filled with loose CT and is the site of injection for the inferior alveolar nerve block
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what are the borders of the pterygomandibular space
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post = lateral pharyngeal space and the parotid gland
Medial = med pterygoid m. Lateral = vertical ramus of the mandible Anterior = buccopharyngeal sheath composed of fascia, buccinators and sup constrictor m's |
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what is the pterygomandibular raphe and why is it important
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tendinous band of the buccopharyngeal fascia, attached by one extremity to the hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate, and by the other to the posterior end of the mylohyoid line of the mandible.
It is the origin of the buccinator and the insertion of the superior constrictors Important landmark for inferior alveolar n. block |
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Where is the infratemporal fossa. What does it contain and what is it's clinical significance
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below the eye and in front of the ear.
contains pterygoid plexus of veins. If infection spreads here it can spread to the cavernous sinus. May present as swelling in the lower eyelid |
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what are the borders of the sublingual space
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it is above mylohyoid m. and below the tongue
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what structures are in the sublingual space
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1. sublingual gland and duct
2. lingual nerve 3. lingual vein 4. deep lingual artery |
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what is Ludwigs angina
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serious, potentially life-threatening infection of the tissues of the floor of the mouth, usually occurring in adults with concomitant dental infections
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where will early and late infection of the Maxillary incisors present
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early = penetrate thin labial alveolar process. Occasionally the floor of the nose
Late = labial vestibule, rarely skin of face or the floor of nose |
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where will early and late infection of the Maxillary canines present
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Early = canine fossa, infraorbital region
Late = venous sinuses (cavernous orbital region) |
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where will early and late infection of the Maxillary premolars present
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early = penetrate thin buccal alveolar process and occasionally the maxillary sinus
Late = buccal vestibule and maxillary sinus membrane |
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where will early and late infection of the Maxillary molars present
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early = penetrate buccal bone, maxillary sinus floor. Occasionally penetrate the tuberosity and spread to parotidomasseteric space
Late = buccal vestibule, maxillary sinus membrane. Occasionally pterygomandibular space then the retropharyngeal space to chest |
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where will early and late infection of the Mandibular premolars present
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Early = penetrate buccal alveolus and occasionally the lingual plate
Late = sublingual space, buccal vestibule |
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where will early and late infection of the Mandibular incisors present
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Early = penetrate labial or lingual plate of alveolus
Late = sublingual space, labial vestibule, skin under chin |
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where will early and late infection of the Mandibular 1st and 2nd molars present
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Early = penetrate either buccal alveolus or lingual plate
Late = buccal goes to vestibule then points to skin, lingual swelling in sublingual space |
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where will early and late infection of the Mandibular 3rd (sometimes 2nd) molar present
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Early = penetrate lingual plate below mylohyoid muscle attachment
Late = submandibular space, masticator space, lateral pharyngeal space, retropharyngeal space |
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what are the main reasons for knowing about the tissue spaces and the directional spread of infection
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to help to decide whether a patient needs referal to hospital for management of a dental infection
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what lymph nodes drain the orofacial region
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- submandibular
- submental - Jugulodigastric |
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what lymph node do the canine to molars drain to
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Submandibular and occasionally jugulodigastric
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what lymph node do the mandibular incisors drain to
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submental
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what lymph node do the maxillary incisors drain to
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submandibular
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what lymph node does the labial and buccal gingiva (but not mandibular labial gingiva) drain to
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submandibular
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what lymph node does the mandibular labial gingiva drain to
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submental
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what lymph node does the lingual and palatal gingiva drain to
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jugulodigastric
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what lymph node does the posterior part of the soft palate drain to
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pharyngeal
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what is the ring of lymphoid tissue found in the throat and what are its components
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Waldeyer's Tonsillar ring
made up of the lingual and palatine tonsils as well as the tubal tonsils and the adenoids |
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what kind of saliva flow is stimulated by the parasympathetic nervous system
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copious flow of saliva high in mucous and enzymes
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what kind of saliva does the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system create
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small amout of watery secretion with little or no organic content
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What innervation provides the secretosensory stimulation of the parotid gland
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parasympathetic cranial ganglia
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what nerve supplies the lacrimal gland and the glands in the nose and sinuses
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greater petrosal nerve "snot and tears nerve" The deep petrosal nerve comes of the carotid plexus and joins the greater petrosal nerve to become the nerve of the pterygoid canal
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what nerve passes through the parotid gland and what are its branches
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facial nerve
- temporal - zygomatic - buccal - marginal mandibular - cervical Ten Zulus Beat My Cat |
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what type of cranial nerve is the facial n. and what structures does in innervate
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efferent motor fibre nerve
innervates muscles of the face |
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where does the facial nerve leave the skull
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stylomastoid foramen
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what is the clinical importance of the investing layer of deep cervical fascia
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If a mendibular block is inserted too far back the anaesthetic may be injected into the pocket surrounded by the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia which encapsulates the parotid gland. The anaesthetic pools in this region and acts on the facial nerve giving facial muscle paralysis
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what passes through the optic canal
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optic n., opthalmic a.
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what passes through the superior orbital fissure
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opthalmic branch of trigem, oculomotor n., trochlea n. abducens n, sup and inf opthalmic vein
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what passes through the inferior orbital fissure
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maxillary branch of trigem, infraorbital vessels
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what passes through foramen rotundum
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maxillary division of trigem
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what passes through foramen ovale
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mandibular division of trigem, accessory meningeal a.,lesser petrosal n.
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what passes through foramen spinosum
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middle meningeal vessels, meningeal branch of mandibular division of trigem
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what passes through foramen lacerum
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nothing
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what passes through the carotid canal
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int. carotid a., int carotid nerve plexus
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what passes through the internal acoustic meatus
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facial n., vestibulocochlear n., labrynthine a.
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what passes through the jugular foramen
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glossopharyngeal n., vagus n., spinal accessory n., inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses, posterior meningeal a.
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what passes through the condylar canal
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meningeal branches of acending pharyngeal a.
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what passes through the hypoglossal canal
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hypoglossal n.
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what passes through foramen magnum
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medulla oblongata, veterbral a., spinal accessory n.
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what passes through incisive foramen
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nasopalatine n and a.
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what passes through greater palatine foramen
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greater palatine n and vessels
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what passes through the lesser palatine foramina
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lesser palatine nerves and vessels
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what is the pathway of the maxillary branch of trigem
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foramen rotundum to pterygopalatine fossa to inferior orbital fissure then exiting orbit via zygomatico-orbital foramen and infraorbital canal
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what is the pathway of the facial Nerve
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internal acoustic meatus to stylomastoid foramen
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where does chorda typani exit the skull from
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petrotympanic fissure
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what type of fibres are each of the 12 cranial nerves
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1. olfactory = sensory
2. optic = sensory 3. oculomotor = motor & parasympathetic to ciliary and iris muscles 4. trochlear = motor 5. trigeminal= sensory and the mandibular branch is sensory and motor 6. abducens = motor 7. facial = motor, parasympathetic and sensory 8. vestibulochochlear = sensory 9. glossopharyngeal = motor, sensory and parasympathetic 10. vagus = motor, sensory and parasympathetic 11. accessory = motor 12. hypoglossal = motor |
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What are the branches of the V1 Nerve and where do they emerge from the skull
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The v1 emerges from the superior orbital fissure and has 3 main brainches:
1. Lacrimal 2: Frontal -> supraorbital (l) & supratrochlear (m) 3: Nasocilliary |