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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ACTH stimulates the _______ to secret cortisol.
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Adrenal corex
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Sodium and postassium levels are regulated by the hormone _______.
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Aldosterone
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________ promotes water retention and salt resorption with potassium loss in the distal convoluted tubules of the kidney.
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Aldosterone
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A proteolytic enyzme secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidneys?
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Renin
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Renin acts on __________ to produce angiotensin I.
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angiotensinogen
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Type of Immunity:
-Individual produces antibody -Follows Immunization or Infection -Memory (lasting) |
ACTIVE
-Rubella immunization |
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TYpe of Immunity:
-Antibody transferred to individual -Non Memory (temporary) |
PASSIVE
-Neonatal-syphilitic IgG antibody titers |
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ADAPTIVE vs. NATURAL
Specific Memory Examples: -B cells (antibodies) -T cells (cytokines) |
ADAPTIVE (Acquired)
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ADAPTIVE vs. NATURAL
Non-specific No memory Examples: -Exogenous (skin) -Endogenous (stomach acid) -Phagocytosis (PMNs) -Natural Killer cells |
Natural (Innate)
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CELLULAR vs. HUMORAL
-B cell/Antibody -Defence Against bacterial infections -Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxcity |
Humoral Acquired Immunity
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CELLULAR vs. HUMORAL
-T cell/Lymhokines -Defense against viral/fungal infections -delayed hypersensitivity rxns (transplant rejections) |
Cellular Acquired Immunity
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Immunity associated with Viral infections:
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Cellular
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Immunity associated with bacterial infections:
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humoral
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Classes of immunoglobulins based on _____ chains.
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Heavy
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-largest antibody (pentamer)
-fixes complement best -prominent in early immune response |
IgM
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-predominant antibody in body secretions
-primary defense against local infections at mucosal surface -2 subclasses |
IgA
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Serum IgA is a ______
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monomer
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Secretory IgA is a _______
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dimer
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Unknown function
Present on B cell surface |
IgD
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Allergy
Triggers release of histamines from mast cells |
IgE
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nonsmokers generally have carboxyhemoglovin saturations ranging from___ to ____.
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0.5-1.5%
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Fatal carbon monoxide poisoning is associated with carboxyhemoglovin saturations of more than ____.
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60%
Acute symptoms appear at 20% saturation |
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Cigarette smokers exhibit levels of ____ to ____ carboxyhemoglobin.
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8-9%
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Tests (2) useful in determining isopropanol exposure?
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Serum osmolality
Urine Acetone |
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____,____, and ____ are collectively referred to as opiates.
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Morphine, codeine, and heroin
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Lead poisoning results in the formation and accumulation of _____ ________.
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Zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP)
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Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) levels are useful as screening method for exposure to _____.
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Lead
FEP is the extraction producct of the zinc metabolite (zinc replacing the iron in the tetrapyrrole ring) |
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THe time required for a 50% decrease in serume drug concentration after absorption and distribution are complete.
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Half-life
5-7 half-life periods for drug concentration to reach steady state |
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THe Trinder reaction or modification is used to detect _________.
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Salicylate
colorimetric reaction with ferric ions |
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which of the following is another name for vitamin B12?
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cyanocobalamin
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vitamin B12 is absorbed in the GI tract by way of substance called ____ _____.
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Intrinsic factor
binds specifically to bit B12 and carries it to the ileum for absorption |
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Deficiency of Vit B12 causes _________ ________.
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megaloblastic anemia
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Anemia caused b y deficiency of vitamin B12 b/c of lack of intrinsic factor
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pernicious anemia
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Which disorder is associated with thiamin deficiency?
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Beriberi (Vit B1)
also Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome affects nervous and cardiovascular systems chronic alcoholics and elderly |
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WHich vitamin is a constituent of two redox coenzymes?
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Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
FMN (flavin mononucleotide) FAD (flavin-adenine dinucleotide) |
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A deficiency of _____ leads to increase clotting time and may result in hemorrhagic disease in infancy?
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Menaquinone (Vit. K)
-synthesized by bacteria in intestinal flora (newborns do not have well developed flora) required for synthesis of prothrombin by liver |
