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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Impedance Analyzers |
Cells impede the flow of current (electricity) and the changes in the current help classify cells based on sizes. |
RBC counts, WBC counts, PlateletsWBCs - lysis agent leaves only nuclei to count
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PCV |
Percent of RBCs in a whole blood sample |
Packed Cell Volume |
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Normal Plasma Apperance |
Straw colored |
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Hemolysis Plasma Appearance |
Red tinged Breakdown of RBCs |
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Icteric Plasma Apperance |
Brownish yellow Increased bilirubin |
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Lipemia Plasma Apperance |
Milky white Presence of fats/lipids |
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Low PCV |
Anemia |
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High PCV |
Dehydrated |
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Buccal Mucosa Bleeding Time |
Primary assay to detect abnormalities of platelet function |
Normal bleeding time for domestic animals is 1-5 min |
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Prolonged buccal mucosa bleeding time indicates what? |
Thrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunction |
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Total Protein |
Used to determine animal's state of hydration |
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What does high TP mean? |
Dehydration |
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What does low TP mean? |
Overhydration |
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Decreased albumin indicates? |
Liver disease, malabsorption, parasites, uncontrolled diabetes, and trauma. |
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Globulins elevation due to: |
Inflammation/infections, neoplasia, and usually when albumin decreases. |
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Fibrinogen is necessary for: |
clot formation. Low levels indicates poor clotting, high levels indicate acute inflammation. |
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ALT |
"Liver-specific" enzyme in dogs, cats, and primates. |
Screens for liver disease. |
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AST |
High values can suggest nonspecific liver damage. |
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Cholestasis |
Bile duct obstruction |
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Alkaline Phosphatase |
Present in osteoblasts in bone |
AP or ALP |
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Alakaline phosphatase elevations in adults |
bone injury or liver disease |
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GGT |
Increased levels suggest liver disease, especially with obstructive liver disease |
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Hepatocyte Function Tests |
Bilirubin, Bile Acids, Cholesterol |
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Bilirubin |
Determines cause of jaundice |
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Bile Acids |
Aid in fat absorption and modulate cholesterol levels. Elevation can indicate liver disease or cholestasis, but non specific. |
Stored in gallbladder |
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Cholesterol |
Can use to screen for hypothryroidism, will see increases |
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Kidney Assays |
BUN, Serum Creatinine, Uric Acid, Glomerular function tests |
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Blood Urea Nitrogen |
Elevation indicates kidney not able to remove urea efficiently or dehydration due to increased urea in blood. |
BUN |
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Uremia |
Elevated BUN |
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Azotemia |
Increased BUN and Creatinine |
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Pre-renal Azotemia |
Decreased renal perfusion |
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Renal Azotemia |
Glomerular disease |
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Post-renal Azotemia |
Obstruction |
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Amylase |
Increases are usually due to pancreatic disease |
Breaks down starches and glycogen |
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Lipase |
May be more sensitive for detecting pancreatitis than amylase |
Breaks down the long chain of fatty acids of lipids into fatty acids and alcohols |
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Glucose |
Indicates carbohydrate metabolism and endocrine function of pancreas |
Should be tested on a fasted patient |
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Hyperglycemia |
Diabetes Cushings Disease |
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Hypoglycemia |
Addisons Disease Severe liver disease |
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Fructosamine |
Represents the irreversable action of glucose binding to protein |
Commonly used to evaluate diabetic patients on insulin |
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ACTH Stimulation Test |
Used to screen for suspected hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's disease) or hyperadrenocorticism (Cushings disease) |
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TSH |
Most commonly used on dogs suspected of ypothyroidism |
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Sodium |
Most abundant extracellular cation. |
Is retained it water is retained |
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Potassium |
Cation that is 90% intracellular |
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Chloride |
Most abundant extracellular anion |
Close relationship with sodium |
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Calcium |
99% is in the bone |
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Phosphorus |
closely related to calcium |
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Phosphorus elevations indicate |
renal failure |
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Lead Poisoning |
Basophilic stippling on erythrocytes and increase nRBCs may be noted on blood smear. |
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Anticoagulant Rodenticides toxicity are treated with |
vitamin K |
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