Clinical Chemistry

Front 1

Prealbumin

Back 1

Synthesized by the liver

Reference range = 20 - 40 mg/dL

Front 2

Alpha Fetoprotein

Back 2

Synthesized by fetal yolk sac and fetal liver during first trimester.

Hepatitis and cirrhosis may produce slight increase

Hepatocellular and germ cell carcinomas may have levels greater than 1000 ng/mL

If maternal serum AFP is
>2x median = increased risk of neural tube defect
< 0.8 x median = increased risk of Down Syndrome

Front 3

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin

Back 3

Reference Range = 100-200 mg/dL

Acute phase reactant - binds and inhibits proteolytic enzymes.

Can diffuse into interstitial fluid and neutralize neutrophil elastase

Front 4

Haptoglobin

Back 4

Ref Range = 30 -200 mg/dL

Decreased values = intravascular hemolysis

Front 5

Ceruloplasmin

Back 5

Ref Range = 20 - 60 mg/dL

Catalyzes the oxidation/reduction of iron

low is seen in Wilson's disease
High seen in acute inflammation

Front 6

Which plasma protein catalyzes the oxidation/reduction of iron?

Back 6

Ceruloplasmin

Front 7

Alpha-2 Macroglobulin

Back 7

Ref Range = 130-300 mg/dL

binds proteolytic enzymes in the kinin, complement, coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways.

Front 8

Beta-2 Microglobulin

Back 8

Ref Range = <2 mg/L

Found on surface of all nucleated cells. Shed by cells into plasma, filtered by glomeruli and reabsorbed by the tubules in the kidney.

Plasma levels correlate to lymphocyte activity

Urine levels are increased in renal tubular diseases.

Front 9

Beta-2 Microglobulin Stage 1

Back 9

serum Beta-2-Microglobulin < 3.5 mg/L

AND serum albumin > 3.5 g/ dL

Front 10

Beta-2 Microglobulin Stage 2

Back 10

Serum B2M < 5.5 mg/L but >3.5

OR serum albumin <3.5 g/dL

or both

Front 11

Beta-2 Microglobulin Stage 3

Back 11

Serum B2M > 5.5 mg/L

Front 12

CRP

Back 12

Ref Range = .1 - 10 mg/L

Can activate classical complement pathway without antibody.

Acute Inflammation can increase CRP up to 2000x within 24 hrs.

Front 13

C-Reactive Protein signs of Myocardial Infarction

Back 13

CRP < 1 mg/L = low risk

CRP 1 - 3 mg/L = Moderate risk

CRP >3 mg/L = High risk

Front 14

Bence- Jones Protein

Back 14

Light chains not attached to immunoglobulins

Production of excess light chains by B lymphs is found in Multiple Myeloma. Serum light chains not always elevated b/c they filter through the kidney but urine proteins will be.

Front 15

Which plasma protein can activate the classical complement pathway without antibody?

Back 15

CRP

Front 16

Which plasma protein is found on the surface of all nucleated cells? and the levels correlate with lymphocyte activity?

Back 16

Beta-2- Microglobulin

Front 17

Which plasma protein is low in Wilson's disease and High in inflammation?

Back 17

Ceruloplasmin

Front 18

100 - 200 mg/dL

Back 18

reference range of A-1 Antitrypsin

Front 19

30-200 mg/ dL

Back 19

reference range of Haptoglobin

Front 20

Which Acute phase reactant - binds and inhibits proteolytic enzymes.

Back 20

Alpha - 2 - Macroglobulin

Front 21

20 - 40 mg/L

Back 21

reference range of Prealbumin

Front 22

.1 - 10 mg/L

Back 22

referene range of CRP

Front 23

<2 mg/ L

Back 23

reference range of

Front 24

Urine levels of what plasma protein are increased in renal tubular diseases.

Back 24

Beta-2-Microglobulin