Clinical Anatomy Test 2

Front 1

Origin of the internal thoracic arteries?

Back 1

Subclavian Artery

Front 2

What two areas or structures does the internal thoracic artery nourish?

Back 2

Intercostal spaces anteriorly via small intercostal branches and from the musculophrenic artery and rectus abdomins via the superior epigastric artery

Front 3

What muscles hold the INternal thoracic artery to the inside of the chest wall?

Back 3

Transverse thoracic

Front 4

sensory innervation to pleura lining the THORACIC CAVITIY (costal part)

Back 4

Intercostal nerves

Front 5

Sensory Mediastinum

Back 5

Phrenic

Front 6

Diaphragm nerves

Back 6

Phrenic (central part) and intercostal nerves (peripheral)

Front 7

Costal and diaphragmatic surface of the lungs

Back 7

Visceral afferents

Front 8

sensory innervation: oblique fissures

Back 8

Visceral afferents

Front 9

How many ribs higher does the inferior border of the lungs lie than the lowest extent of the parietal pleura?

Back 9

2

Front 10

In mid axillary line, mid- inspiration, the lungs cross what rib_____ while the lower border of parietal pleura crosses the ___ rib

Back 10

8th, 10th

Front 11

To drain fluid from the pleural cavity the drain tube is commonly placed in the 8th or 9th intercost space, mid axillary line. the drain enters what recess?

Back 11

Costodiaphragmatic Recess

Front 12

The intercostal neurovascular bundle travels between what intercostal muscle layers

Back 12

Intermostintercostal and internal intercostal muscles

Front 13

each lung has how many broncho-pulmonary segments?

Back 13

10

Front 14

Anatomically the superior lob of the lung lies mostly_____ while the inferior lobe lies mostly____

Back 14

anterior= superior lobe, posterior=inferior lobe

Front 15

What is the lingual

Back 15

Lower projection off the LEFT upper lobe of the lung

Front 16

The lingual is synonymous with what part of the right lung?

Back 16

Middle lobe

Front 17

Apex of each lung lies above the ____&_____ to extend to the root of the neck

Back 17

Clavicle and 1st rib

Front 18

What travels with the segmental bronchi through the middle of the broncho-pulmonary segment

Back 18

Segmental bronchi and artery

Front 19

Lymphatic drainage of the lungs is collected by what set of lymph nodes

Back 19

Pulmonary to hilar

Front 20

Lung and viscera pleura are insensitive to somatic-type stimuli except for

Back 20

stretch or distension

Front 21

primary bronchus is more likely to receive a foreign body on what side and why?

Back 21

Right main bronchus, it is wider and straighter continuation of the trachea

Front 22

Another name for the right upper lobar bronchus and why?

Back 22

Epiarterial, it lies above the right pulmonary artery

Front 23

hilum of the lung, what pulmonary structure generally lies most anterior and posterior, and superior

Back 23

Pulmonary veins are anterior, bronchus - are posterior, and pulmonary arteries superior

in relation to the hilum.

Front 24

Vertebral body level and sternal level that the trachea bifurcates

Back 24

Sternal angle, 4th thoracic vertebral body level

Front 25

Upward pointing projection on the inside of the trachea at its bifurcation into primary bronchi?

Back 25

Carina

Front 26

Nerve anterior to the root of the lungs

Back 26

Phrenic

Front 27

nerve posterior to the root of the lung

Back 27

Vagus

Front 28

component of the autonomic nervous system is found on the lateral sides of the vertebral bodies in the thorax

Back 28

Sympathetic chain and greater splanchnic nerve

Front 29

Needle is placed here to avoid intercostal NVB while removing fluid from costodiaphragmatic recess

Back 29

Through middle of the space, using the superior border of the rib below as a guide.

Front 30

In a unilateral sucking or open pneumothorax, what does the mediastinum and inflated lung do during inspiration?

Back 30

Deviate to the uninjured side. (deviate opposite of the opening in the thoracic wall)

Front 31

Unilater tension pneumothorax, meddiastinum and inflated lung do what on expiration

Back 31

Remain deviated to the side opposite the opening in the thoracic wall.

Front 32

What happens to the shape and volume of the thoracic cavity on inspiration

Back 32

All volumes increase, thus pressure decrease within the thoracic cavity. The ribcage elevates increasing the side-to-side diameter (bucket handle) and the Anterior posterior diameter (pump handle), while the diaphragm contracts and drops, increasing the superior-inferior diameter.

Front 33

Bony landmark divides the superior and inferior mediastina?

Back 33

Sternal angle

Front 34

Thymus is found in which divisions of the mediastinum

Back 34

Superior and anterior

Front 35

Primary artery found in the posterior mediastinum

Back 35

descending aorta

Front 36

Middle mediastinum is home for what major structure/organ

Back 36

heart

Front 37

What structures border the thoracic duct in the posterior mediastinum

Back 37

Aorta, vertebran bodies, esophagus

Front 38

What is the name for the thin membrane which lines the inside of the fibrous pericardium?

Back 38

parietal layer of serous pericardium

Front 39

What is the procedure called when the pericardial sac is tapped with a needle for removal of fluid?

Back 39

pericardiocenthesis

Front 40

Where on the anterior chest wall is the aortic valve best heard, MV?

Back 40

AParTMent

aortic 2nd IC space, lateral sternal border

Mitral- apex of heart, 5th intercostal space near mid-clavicular line

Front 41

Where on the anterior chest wall is the apex of the heart projected?

Back 41

5th intercostal space near
left mid-clavicular line

Front 42

What valve is heard best at about its anatomic position as projected onto the anterior chest
wall?

Back 42

tricuspid valve

Front 43

What is the name of the external depression on the heart which divides the atria from
ventricles?

Back 43

coronary sulcus

Front 44

Auricles are part of which heart chamber

Back 44

atria

Front 45

The pulmonary trunk carries blood from which chamber of the heart?

Back 45

right ventricle

Front 46

What is the name of the A/V valve that sits between the right atrium and ventricle?

Back 46

tricuspid

Front 47

The “rough” muscular part of the atria walls are termed the

Back 47

Pectinate muscles

Front 48

What is the function of the papillary/chordae tendenae complexes?

Back 48

prevent AV valve cusps
from regurgitating into atria upon ventricular contraction.

Front 49

How many pulmonary veins usually enter the left atrium?

Back 49

4

Front 50

What is the usual origin for the left subclavian artery and right subclavian artery

Back 50

LeftSCA- Aortic arch

RightSCA-Brachiocephalic trunk

Front 51

The azygos vein arches over the root of the lung to enter what vessel?

Back 51

SVC(superior vena cava)

Front 52

In general the venous drainage from the heart in collected in what structure before being
emptied into the right atrium?

Back 52

coronary sinus

Front 53

In a left dominant coronary artery distribution pattern, which parts of the heart are supplied by branches of the left coronary artery?

Back 53

both interventricular sulci and the posterior surface of the left ventricle

Front 54

Coronary arteries areise from the

Back 54

aortic sinuses of Valsalva

Front 55

The impulse wave from the AV node is transmitted to the ventricles by what bundle

Back 55

Av bundle of His

Front 56

Which nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to the thoracic viscera?

Back 56

Vagus CN (X)

Front 57

What affect does sympathetic innervation have on the heart and lungs

Back 57

HEART increased heart rate and force of
contractility, dilation of coronary arteries.

LUNGS- bronchodilation, decreased mucus secretion, vasodilation of pulmary vessels.

Front 58

Cardiac skeleton is located where

Back 58

At the level of the coronary sulcus

Front 59

What is the cardiac skeleton made of in the human?

Back 59

Semi-rigid, dense connective tissue

Front 60

3 functions of cardiac skeleton

Back 60

Attachment for valves, attachment for cardiac muscles, and insulation of ventricles from electrical impulses

Front 61

Feature of the right atrium that represnts a right to left shunt in fetal life

Back 61

Foramen ovale

Front 62

Fetal life- most of the blood from the pulmonary trunk is shunted to the aorta via the

Back 62

Ductus arterosum

Front 63

The ductus arterosum becomes what after fetal life

Back 63

ligamentum arterosum

Front 64

Chamber of the heath that helps form the left heart border on PA plain film radiograph

Back 64

Mostly left ventricle. the left atrial appendage is slightly seen to form part of it

Front 65

Absence of what feature of the cardiac silhouette indicates the presence of enlarged lymph nodes or masses in the mediastinum?

Back 65

The aorto-pulmonary window or wedge is missing with enlarged lymph nodes on the LEFT. the right side shows widened mediastinum in the same region.