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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the functional unit of the kidneys?
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Nephrons
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How many nephrons are there in a single kidney?
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1 - 1.5 million
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What are the 2 kinds of nephrons?
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cortical, juxtamedullary
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The job of the nephrons has 3 basic phases. What are they?
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1. filtration 2. reabsorption 3. secretion
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What kind of waste is the urinary system trying to target?
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nitrogen waste
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What are the 2 basic jobs of the cortical nephrons?
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1. removal of waste 2. reabsorption of filtered nutrients we need
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What are 2 basic features of the juxtamedullary nephrons versus the cortical nephrons?
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1. longer loops of Henle 2. urine concentration
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Urine in the collecting duct is really a __.
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filtrate
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Nephrons take things out of the __ that we don't want.
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blood
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Nephrons take things out of the blood we don't need puts them in the __.
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urine
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Proteins are __ heavy.
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nitrogen
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Blood in the afferent arteriole enters the __, which is the beginning of the nephron.
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glomerulus
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Blood in the efferent arteriole takes blood __ __ the glomerulus.
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away from
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Which is closer to the glomerulus, the proximal or distal convoluted tubule?
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proximal (that's what proximal means)
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Where can the Vesa Recta be in found?
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Juxtamedullary nephrons
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Blood leaving via the renal vein goes back into the __.
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IVC (inferior vena cava)
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The glomerulus actually filters __, not blood.
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plasma
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The Bowman's capsule holds __, not plasma.
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filtrate
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What is lost as blood becomes plasma?
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big proteins
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The glomerulus is located in the __ __.
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Bowman's capsule
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The glomerulus performs __ filtration.
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nonselective
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The size of the arterioles affects the __ of the fluid running through it.
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pressure
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Glomerular pressure can be maintained at a constant by varying the __ of the arteriole as needed.
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size or diameter
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Blood pressure means pressure against __.
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arteries
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The RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system) regulates what?
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blood flow
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The __ __ initiate RAAS in response to blood pressure changes.
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macula densa
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About how many liters of plasma are turned into filtrate per day?
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172.8
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Tubular reabsorption happens through __ __.
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active transport
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Water follows __.
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sodium
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What is the first body system to react when the body's pH goes out of balance?
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respiratory
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If you hold CO2 in your lungs, your pH will go __.
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up
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If you breathe out more CO2 from your lungs, your pH will go __.
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down
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What is the last system that will maintain your pH?
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urinary
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Bicarbonate system is important in maintaining your __.
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pH
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Blood pH should be about __.
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7.4
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What 4 things do renal function tests evaluate?
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1. glomerular filtration 2. tubular reabsorption 3. tubular secretion 4. renal blood flow
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One of the most common tests of glomerular filtration are __ tests.
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clearance
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The current routine test of glomerular filtration is the __ __ test.
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creatinine clearance
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The greatest cause of error in the creatinine clearance test is due to what ?
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improperly timed urine specimen
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What test is a good indicator or early renal disease?
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Tubular reabsorption test
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What test has replaced specific gravity as the test to assess renal concentration?
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osmolarity test
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