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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how many babies born to non-treated HIV mothers will get HIV?
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20-30%
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what are 2 senstitive diagnostic tests for HIV?
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ELISA and western blot
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when may you have to recheck ELISA and western blot?
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after the first 2 weeks
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what 2 things are ELISA and western blot looking for in HIV testing?
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HIV RNA
p24 antigen |
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when should you check ELISA with a recent exposure?
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6 weeks
repeat at 3 months |
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what is acute retroviral syndrome?
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an acute mononucleosis like syndrome that about 50% will develop 2-6 weeks into an HIV infection
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what is the problem with the symptoms of acute retroviral syndrome?
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they are very similar to the flu so they will often be overlooked
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what will a small population of people get with acute retroviral syndrome?
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aseptic meningitis
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what should you check with acute retroviral symprtoms? (2)
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p24
HIV RNA |
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who will progress to AIDs more slowly?
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adolescents
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what are lymphadenopathy, immune based thrombocytopenia, and mucocutaneous lesions considered asymptomatic HIV?
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because HIV is only considered to be symptomatic when the patient gets an opportunistic infection
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what 2 things may people have while asymptomatic with HIV?
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general lymphadenopathy
immune based thrombocytopenia |
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what is a definitive diagnosis of AIDs? (3)
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CD4 <200
CD4 < 14% of all lymphocytes diagnosis of one or more AIDs defining illness |
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what are 3 additional illnesses that are AIDs defining in children but not adults?
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multiple, recurrent bacterial infections
lymphoid interstitial pneumonia pulmonary lymphoid hyperplasia |
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when do signs of opportunistic infections begin?
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CD4<200
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when is mortality greatest within 12-24 months?
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if CD4<50
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what are 2 common diseases when CD4<50?
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CMV retinitis
disseminated mycobacterium avium intracellulare |
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what are 3 sex specific manifestations of HIV in women?
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earliest clinical manifestation may be candida vaginitis
recurrent large, painful genital/perianal or perineal ulcerations from HSV-2 risk of cervical cancer |
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what is the 1st step in the evaluation of HIV patients?
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confirm positivity
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what do you check the oral cavity for in the initial evaluation of HIV? (5)
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ulcers
koposi sarcoma thrush hairy leukoplakia herpetic ulcers |
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what do you check for in the fundi on initial HIV evaluation?
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CMV retinitis
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what kind of TB test can you do in the very immunosupressed?
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anergy panel or quantiferon gold
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what baseline evals do you need to get in the initial eval of HIV? (6)
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RNA load
CD4 CBC CXR PPD toxo |
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what 3 vaccines should be given periodically in HIV?
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flu
hepatitis B pneumococcal |
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what are 2 definitive times to begin treating AIDS?
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symptomatic
asymptomatic with CD4 <200 |
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when is it up to the individual as to when to begin AIDS treatment?
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asymptomatic with CD4>200
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what is the mortality rate of symptomatic AIDS without treatment?
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death within 3-18 months
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what is the drug of choice for PCP?
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TMP-SMX
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what is the drug of choice for TB that is INH sensitive?
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INH with pyridoxine
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what is the drug of choice for TB that is INH resistant?
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Rifampin and Pyridoxine
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what is the drug of choice for toxo?
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TMP-SMX
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what is the drug of choice for mycobacterium avium intracellulare?
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azithromycin
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what is the most common cause of a fever of unknown origin and anemia when CD4<50?
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mycobacterium avium intracellulare
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what will thrush look like? (3)
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white
cheesy exudate that can be scraped off |
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how do you differentiate thrush and oral hairy leukoplakia?
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thrush can be scraped off, hairy cannot
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what will oral hairy leukoplakia look like? (4)
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white
lichenified plaque like cannot be scraped off |
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what will kaposis sarcoma look like? (4)
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painless purple, blue, red lesions
ulcerative |
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what is nausea and vomitin most frequently from in AIDS?
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medications
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what are 3 common GI complaints whtn CD4<50?
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dysphagia
diarrhea collitis |
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what are 2 main esophageal lesions in AIDS?
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candida
CMV |
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what GU disorders is most common in AIDS?
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anal carcinoma
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what ultimately occurs in all untreated HIV patients?
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nervous system disorders
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how will nervous system disorders present in AIDS?
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severe dimentia
CNS infections malignancy |
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what nervous system component is infected early on in AIDS?
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CNS microglia
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what are 6 CNS disorders in AIDS?
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meningitis
diffuse disorders focal brain disorders myelopathies peripheral neuropathies myopathies |
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when does AIDS dimentia usually manifest?
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advanced disease
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what will focal lesions in the CNS present with? (4)
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new onset siezures
headaches fevers rapid progressive cognitive impairment |
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what should you order with focal CNS lesions?
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MRI
CT with contrast CSF evaluation toxo titers |
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how will PCP present?
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gradual onset of SOB with dry, nonproductive cough
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