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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a direct result of the initial insult(trauma, stroke) |
primary brain injury |
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progressive damage resulting from the the body's physiologic repon to the primary insult - from days to weeks
atp depletion crucial |
2ndary brain injury |
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is the secondary injury that occurs after re establing blood flow |
reperfusion injury |
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when oxygen reenter cells, erratic trans of electrons to oxygen can produce reactive oxgen products |
reperfusion injury |
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influenced by partioal pressure of co2 and oxygen in the arterial blood |
autoregulation |
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ischemia - calcium overload - na inflow - water drawn in |
cytoxoci edema |
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increase cappilar pressu - damage to capillary endothelium = extravasion of exudate into intercellural space = disruptions of bbb - swelling of brain |
vasogenic/cerebral edeam |
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the protrusion of brain e tissue thru an open in the supportin dura of the brain |
herniation |
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major cause of death and a leading cause of disablity among young adults |
tbi |
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Primary injury of tbi
site of impact |
focal |
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Primary injury of tbi
due to acceleration decelrati movement of the brain with the skull, resultin in double injury |
polar |
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Primary injury of tbi
injury is due to movement of the brain within the skull result in widespread AXONAL injury
shaking head |
diffuse |
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head injury that produces an alternation consiouccsn but no evidence is found on pyhsica and raidologi exam |
concussion |
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common consequence of sports related head injury |
concussion |
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when a ct or mria reavesl an area of brain tissue damage(necrosi, laceration, brusing) |
contusion |
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disruption of vaculature that can result in intracrain hemorrahge
slow or fast compression of brain = increaes icp |
intracranial hematoms |
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name the the 3 types |
epidural subdural subarachnoid |
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collection of blood btwn dura and skull |
epidural hema |
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arterial injury, rapid |
epidural hema |
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fracture of temporal bone = disrupiotn of the middle meningeal artery |
epidural hema |
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collection of blood btwn dura and arachoni |
subdural hema |
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involves bridgin veins, slow |
subdural hema |
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this hematoma may be prone to rebleeding |
chronic sudrual hematoms |
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btwn arach and pia |
sah |
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rupture of bridgin vein(tbi) that passes thru subarc |
sah |
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can also be caused by cerrba anuer ruputr, artvenous malformaiton |
sah |
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structural abnormalities of the cerebral arteris predisp to intracererba bleeding and hemorrhage
2 things |
cer an and arerrivenous malformatio |
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most commo cause of sah |
cerebral anerysysm |
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lesion of an artery that results in dilation and balloing of a segmen of the vessel |
cer an |
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severe ha, worst ha of life |
cer an |
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congenital defect of medial layer of the artery weakens to arterial pressure |
cer an |
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capillary stem fails to develop appropireately with arteril blood shunted direcly into venous system
causes the vessles to progressively enlarge
becomes congested mass of enlarged vessuls that can burst |
avm |
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most common form of stroke |
ischemic |
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sudden onset of neurologic dysfunction due to cerbrovasucl disease that results in an area of brain infarction |
stroke |
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reulst from sudden occulsion of cerebral arter secondary to thrombus formatio or emboli |
ischemic stroke |
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much larger area of ischemic but viable cells that is srurounding the infacry
may recover if perfusion restored in time |
penumbra |
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a transiet episode of neurlogcal dysnfuct caused by focal brain, spina cord, or retinal ischeami
WITHOUT ACUTE INFARCTION |
TIA |
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occlusion of the small penetrating arteriols can produce small lesion. The basal ganglia, pons, cerebellum and internal capsulse are common place for this infart |
lacunar |
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usually occurs 2ndeary to severe chroni hypertension |
hemorrhagic stroke |
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hemorrage within the brain parencyhma |
hemorrhagic stroke |
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bacteria usually reach the cns via the bloodstram or extension from cranil structures.
bacteria invade leptomeninges(pia and arachnoid space) accumulation of inflammatory exudate can result in hydrocephaulus |
meningitis |
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inflammation of the brain commonly caused by virus(west niel, wee, hsv) |
encephalitis |
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transient neurologic event of paroxysmal abormal or excessive cortical electrical discharges that are minfested by disturbacne of skeletal motor funcito,sensatoi, autnomic visceral function, behavior, or consciousness |
seziures |
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recurrent seizures = |
epilepsy |
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due to analterration in memrane potential that makes certain neuros abnoramlly HYPERACTIVE AND HYPERSENSATIVE |
SEIZURE |
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seizure that involves the entire brain from onset of seizure |
general |
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seizure affects one brain hemi |
partial |
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continuing series of seizures withou a period recovery between seizure episodes and can be life threatning |
status epilepticus |
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memory and cognitive changes
(cognitive defieciencies) |
dementia |
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a global mental dysfunciton includes DISTURBED CONSIOUCSNESS |
delirium |
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neurofibrally tangles |
alz dem |
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amyloiad plaques |
alz dem |
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degeneration of neurons in temporal and frontal lobes, brain atrophy, amyloid plaques, and neurofibrially tanlges |
dementia alz |
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brain acetylcholine is deficient |
demential alz |
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localized collection of pus within the brain parencyhma |
brain abscess |
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diverse group of crippling syndromes that appear during childhood and invovle permanent, nonprogressive damage to motor control areas of the brain |
cerbral palsy |
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etiology may include prenatal infectiosn, disease of the mother, mechanical trauma to the head before during, or after brith; exposure to nerve damaging posion or reduced oxygen supply brain |
cerbral palsy |
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characterized by abnoramal accumulatio of fluid in teh cebroventricular system |
hydrocephualus |
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gait instabilty urinary incontience dementia
triad |
normal hydracephalus pressure |
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responsible for coordianted control of muscle action |
cerebellum |
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"time and space" |
ms |
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scarring of mylean sheath possibly due to autoimmune disorder |
ms |
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most frequent cause of neurologic disablity early/middle adulthood(excluding truama) |
ms |
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disease of temperate climates |
ms |
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viral infection or environment toxi initiates the autoimmune attack in genetrically predisposed individual |
ms |
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t cell lymphocye mediated damage to the myelin has also been impliaced in cauig the autoimmune damage and sustaining inflamm |
ms |
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scarring of myeling slows or iterrupts the conduction of nerves |
ms |
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developmental anomaly characterized by defective closure of the bony ecasement of the spinal cord(neural tube) thrue whic spinal cord and meninges may or may no protrude |
spina bifida |
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a progressive degenerative diseae affecting both the upper and lower motor neurons
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als gehrigs
amyotrophic lateral sceleroiss |
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weakness and wasting of the upper extermiteis usually occur followed by impaired speech, swallowing, and repiraiton |
als
amyotrophic lateral sceleroiss |
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acute infalmamtory demyleinationg polyneuropathy(aidp) |
gbs |
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antecentedent infection(priot 1-3 weeks actue infection process)
cmv and ebc, camphylbackte jejuni gastroenteritis, herpesvirus, mycoplasma, srugical procedure |
gbs |
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ascending, primarily motor parylyis |
gbs |
