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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Normal color of internal nose tissue
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Deep pink (pinker than mouth mucosa)
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Increased redness =
Decreased color = |
- Infection
-Allergies |
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Ancillary therapies for nose
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Steam shower, spicy foods, increased fluids, vaporizer/humidifier
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Medications for nasal problems
(DAMNP) |
-Decongestants
-Antihistamines -Mucolytics -NSAIDS -Parasympathetics blockers |
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Medication for coughing
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-Antitussives
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NSAIDS
-Indications -Examples |
-Headache, fever, pain
-Ibuprofen (Advil/Motrin) |
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Mucolytic technical term
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Guaifenesin
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Guaifenesin actions (FME)
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-Improves flow (decreases stasis)
-Sinus moisturizer -Expectorant |
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Expectorant action
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Promotes secretion of sputnum by air passages
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Needed dosage of mucolytics
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800-1000; 1200 is best
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-Brand name mucolytic
-Do not use this brand: |
-Mucinex
-Robitussin |
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Antihistamines should be used for:
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Allergies only
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Antihistamines action
-Secretions -Flow - |
-Dry secretions (making them hard to get rid of)
-Impede flow |
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Antihistamines are found in _____ but should not be
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cold meds
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Complication of antihistamines
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iatrogenic sinusitis - cause thickened secretions that grow bacteria
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Examples of allergy medicines
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Benadryl
Claritin Allegra Zyrtec Clarinex |
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Decongestants action
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Shrinks nasal mucosa
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Normal color of internal nose tissue
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Deep pink (pinker than mouth mucosa)
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Increased redness =
Decreased color = |
- Infection
-Allergies |
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|
Ancillary therapies for nose
|
Steam shower, spicy foods, increased fluids, vaporizer/humidifier
|
|
|
Medications for nasal problems
(DAMNP) |
-Decongestants
-Antihistamines -Mucolytics -NSAIDS -Parasympathetics blockers |
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Medication for coughing
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-Antitussives
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NSAIDS
-Indications -Examples |
-Headache, fever, pain
-Ibuprofen (Advil/Motrin) |
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Mucolytic technical term
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Guaifenesin
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Guaifenesin actions (FME)
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-Improves flow (decreases stasis)
-Sinus moisturizer -Expectorant |
|
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Expectorant action
|
Promotes secretion of sputnum by air passages
|
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Needed dosage of mucolytics
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800-1000; 1200 is best
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Antihistamines should only be used for:
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Allergies
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Actions of antihistamines
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-Dry secretions (making them hard to get rid of)
-Impede flow -Cause drowsiness |
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Complication of anithistamines
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Iatrogenic sinusitis - antihistamines cause thickened secretions that grow bacteria
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Nasal antihistamines
-Example -Used for: |
-Astelin
-Allergic & vasomotor rhititis |
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Decongestant action
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Shrinks nasal mucosa via vasoconstriction
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Examples of decongestants
-Systemic -Nasal |
-Pseudophedrine
-Afrin |
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Should not give decongestants to these pts:
--Complications --Are _____ in contrast to antihistamines |
-THose with high BP or risk for heart attack
--Tachycardia, hypertension, angina --Stimulant for most |
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Nasal steroids are good for treating _____ but must be used for _____ to see improvement
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Allergies; 2-4 weeks
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-Actions of nasal steroids
-Examples of nasal steroids |
-Dries nasal mucosa to treat edema and obstruction
-Flonase, Nasonex |
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When to use systemic steroid shots
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Quick fix for allergies
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-Parasympathetic blocker used for:
-Example |
-Rhinorrhea associated with URI or allergies
-Atrovent |
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Cough suppressants AKA
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Antitussives
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Antitussives shouldn't be used in ____ pts
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Asthamtic, COPD (those at risk for pneumonia)
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Only use antitussives if:
-Lungs _____ -Cough characteristics ____ (2) -Post tussive ____ |
-Clear to auscultation
-Persistent, keeping pt awake -Emesis |
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-Best OTC antitussive:
--Often mixed with: -Best narcotic cough med |
-Delsym
--Guaifenesin -Codeine/hyrdocodone |
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Inflammation of the nose and sinus mucosa
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Rhinitis
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-Acute rhinitis
-Subacute rhinitis -Chronic rhinitis |
-10 days - 4 weeks
-4 -12 weeks -12+ weeks |
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-Causes of inflammatory rhinitis (NAI)
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-Non allergic
-Allergic -Infections |
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Causes of non-inflammatory rhinitis (HARV)
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-Hormonal
-Anatomical abnormality -Rhinitis medicamentosa -Vasomotor |
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Number 1 health care complaint
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Rhinitis
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E.g. of non allergic rhinitis
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Asthma
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E.g./classification of allergic rhinitis
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-Acute/seasonal (ragweed)
-Chronic/perennial (dustmites) |
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Etiology of infectious rhinitis
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-Viral (URI; most common)
-Bacterial |
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-Runny nose
-Sneezing -Congestion, mouth breathing, snoring -Bloody nose -Frontal headache -Red, itchy eyes -Malaise -Clear, watery nasal discharge -Pale, bluish edematous boggy turbinates |
Allergic rhinitis ("hay fever")
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-Allergic rhinitis definition
-Usual onset |
-IgE mediate hypersensitivity reaction to foreign allergies
-<20 yo |
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Acute (seasonal) allergic rhinitis
-Spring -Fall |
-Trees/plants/pollen
-Ragweed |
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Chronic (perennial) occurrence
-Inhaled -Ingested -Often confused with: |
-Dust, mites, mold, dander, wool, tobacco
-Wheat, eggs, milk, nuts -Chronic colds |
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2 symptoms associated with allergies in kids
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-Allergic shiners
-Allergic salute |
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Treatment of allergic rhinitis
SPAID |
-Steroids
-Parasympathetic blockers -Avoid allergens -Antihistamines -Nasal irrigation w/ saline -Decongestants |
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-Clear, thin watery rhinorrhea after temperature, environmental, psyhological, endocrine/hormone change
-Swollen turbinates -Congestion -Hx of meds that affect parasymp NS |
-Vasomotor rhinitis
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Vasomotor rhinitis definition
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neurovascular disorder of the nasal parasympathetic system (vidian n.) affecting mucosal blood vessels
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Vasomotor rhinitis treatment
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-Avoid irritant
-Parasymp blocker (Atrovent) -Nasal steroids -Exercise (increase symp tone |
