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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the layers of the meninges from inside out?
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pia
arachnoid dura (outside) |
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what are infective causes of meningitis?
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viral
bacterial protozoal fungal |
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what are non infective causes of meningitis?
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drugs
malignant cell infiltrates |
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which of the following is not an infective cause of meningitis?
-viral -bacterial -malignant cell infiltrates -fungal |
malignant cell infiltrates is a non-infective cause of meningitis
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t/f
any virus can cause meningitis |
true
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t/f
that many pt's with viral meningitis never seek treatment |
true
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what are the 3 most common viruses that cause meningitis?
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enteroviruses such as, echovirus and cocksackie virus
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what are the typical s/s of viral meningitis?
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flu like prodrome like lassitude, muscle and joint pain, and fever. May also develop h/a, neck stiffness.
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what is meningism?
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sign of meningeal irritation, h/a with neck stiffness
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if a pt presents with meningism what should you do?
-CT -LP -CBC -MRI |
LP
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what are the common bugs of bacterial meningitis?
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n. meningitidus
h. flu s. pneumo |
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bacteria may infect the meninges through blood-borne spread or there amy be more direct spread following complication of ??
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head trauma
OM sinusitis |
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all of the following of are possible methods of bug transfer to meningitis?
-sinusitis -OM -cellulitis -head trauma |
not cellulitis
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what is the most common bug of bacterial meningitis?
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m. meningitus
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what is the second and third most common bug of meningitis?
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s. pneumonia
h. flu |
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with what s/s will pt's show up with bacterial meningitis?
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h/a
neck stiffness photophobia vomiting drowsiness |
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what are possible complications of meningitis?
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seizures
cranial nerve palsies hemiplegia |
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if bacterial meningitis blocks the drainage of csf, what will occur?
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hydrocephalus leading to a rise in ICP
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which type of meningitis is very feared due to its rapid transformation to septicemia, and coma?
-h. flu -meningococcal -s. pyogenes |
meningococcal meningitis is scary stuff
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how fast can meningococcal meningitis turn bad?
-hours -days -months |
hours people can become comatose
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what is another name for meningococcal meningitis?
-n. meningitus -s. pneumonia -h. influenza |
neisseria meningidus
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t/f
there is a high mortality rate with menigococcal meningitis |
true;
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what are the characteristics of meningococcal meningitis that the patient presents with?
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signs of septicemia such as the developmentof a purpuric rash that does not blanch.
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what is the test of choice to diagnose meningitis?
-LP -CT -CBC |
LP
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if a rash blanches it is serious?
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no; if a rash does not blanch it is serious
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What is the tx of choice if you are suspicious of meningitis? Even if it has not been confirmed?
-Amphotericin -Pen G -Pen VK |
give Pen G if you suspect meningococcal meningitis, do not wait!
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if a pt has focal neuro signs, seizures, or depressed level of consciousness what is the appropriate diagnostic test?
-LP -CT -CBC -MRI |
CT
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in what type of pt's might you see infective and/or non-infective causes of meningitis?
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immunocomprimised
hiv leukemia transplant patients |
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what type of bugs usually give meningitis to the immunocomprimised? all except what?
-fungi -bacteria -amobae -TB |
bacteria is common in immunocompetent, the weird stuff is common in immunocomprimised
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what should you suspect if a pt with meningeal signs does not respond to Pen G?
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some other cause such as fungi, amoeba, TB, etc
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what type of cells can produce inflammatory response?
-wbc's -malignant cells -proteings |
malignant cell's
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what does the development of malignant cells mean to you?
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clue you into a malignant process somewhere in the body that you need to look for.
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