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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the leading cause of cancer death in the US?
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lung cancer
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What is the second leading cause of death due to malignancy in the US?
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colorectal cancer
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What is the most common form of lung cancer?
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adenocarcinoma
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What is paraneoplastic syndrome?
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A paraneoplastic syndrome is a disease or symptom that is the consequence of the presence of cancer in the body, but is not due to the local presence of cancer cells.
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Where does lung cancer most commonly metastasize to?
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adrenal, bone, brain, liver
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True or False: There is currently no established guidelines for screening for lung cancer.
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True
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Secondary lung cancer most commonly comes from what primary?
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Kidney
breast colon cervis malignant melanoma |
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What are the risk factors for breast cancer?
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delayed childbearing or nulliparity
early menarche or late menopause positive family history genetic mutations personal history of breast or uterine cancer age |
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In a patient whose mother had breast cancer, when do you want to start screening her for breast cancer?
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10 years before the age her mother was diagnosed
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What is the schedule for mammograms? CBE?
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yearly after age 40
CBE - every 2-3 yeras until 40, then yearly |
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Where does breast cancer commonly metastasize to?
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liver, bone, brain, lung
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What are the markers for recurrent breast cancer?
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CEA and CA 15-3, CA 27-29
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What are the two different etiologies of breast cancer?
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ductal
lobular |
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What is the most malignant form of breast cancer?
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inflammatory carcinoma
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True or False: About 60% of early cervical cancer can be cured.
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False: >90% can be cured
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What are the risk factors for cervical cancer?
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multiple sex partners
early onset of sexual activity high-risk sexual partner history of STD's cigarette smoking immunodeficiency multiparity long-term oral contraceptive use |
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What is the most common form of cervical cancer?
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squamous cell
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What are the most common sites of blood-borne metastasis of cervical cancer?
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liver and lung
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When do you begin screening for cervical cancer with a pap smear?
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begin 3 years after vaginal intercourse, no later than 21 years
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How often do you use a Thin Prep during a pap smear?
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every two years
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When can screening for cervical cancer be extended to every 2-3 years?
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at age 30, with 3 normal consecutive pap smears
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True or False: Most ovarian tumors are malignant.
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False: They are mostly benign.
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What are the risk factors of ovarian cancer?
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BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 gene
1st degree relative with ovarian cancer repeated ovulation |
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What are the protective factors for ovarian cancer?
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chronic anovulation
multiparity history of breastfeeding OCPs - 5 years or longer |
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How do you screen for ovarian cancer?
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transvaginal US
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What marker will be elevated in ovarian cancer?
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CA-125
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What is the prognosis for ovarian cancer?
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Generally not great since 75% is diagnosed as advanced disease
5-year survival - 17% with distant metastases - 36% with local spread - 89% with early disease |
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What are risk factors for endometrial cancer?
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unopposed estrogen
obesity nulliparity diabetes PCOS with prolonged anovulation extended use with tamoxifen |
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True or False: Pap smear is sensitive for detecting endometrial cancer.
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False: it's insensitive
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What is the only reliable means of diagnosis of endometrial cancer?
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endometrial sampling
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What are the risk factors for colorectal cancer?
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age
family history inflammatory bowel disease dietary factors and chemoprevention (high fats and red meat increse risk) Race |
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True or False: Chronic use of NSAIDS can decrease your risk for colorectal cancer.
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True.
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What marker is used for colorectal cancer recurrance?
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CEA
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What is the diagnostic procedure of choice for colorectal cancer?
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colonoscopy
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What is the most used/recommended screening schedule for colorectal cancer?
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colonscopy every 10 years after age 50
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If a patient comes in for a check-up with a family history of a mother and brother with colorectal cancer, what screening would you recommend?
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start screening at age 40 or 10 years younger than age at diagnosis of youngest affected relative
colonscopy every 3-5 years |
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What are the risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma?
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cirrhosis
hepatitis B or C hemochromatosis alcoholic liver disease |
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What is the marker for hepatocellular carcinoma?
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AFP
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What do you do if you suspect hepatocellular carcinoma?
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ultrasound
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What are the screening recommendations for hepatocellular carcinoma?
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patients with cirrhosis, chronic liver disease or hepatitis should receive get a AFP and US twice yearly
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Secondary hepatocellular carcinoma often comes from what primary?
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GI tract
Lung Breast |
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What part of the pancreas is cancer most common in?
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the head
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What are risk factors for pancreatic cancer?
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age
obesity tobacco use chronic pancreatitis prior abdominal radiation family history |
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What marker is good for pancreatic cancer recurrence?
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CA 19-9
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What is the prognosis for pancreatic cancer?
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mostly not very good, but worse if the cancer is in the body or tail
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If you suspect pancreatic cancer, what imaging would you get?
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upper GI series
Spiral CT and MRI PET scan ERCP |
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What are the risk factors for stomach cancer?
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H. pylori gastritis
chronic atrophic gastritis pernicious anemia history of partial gastric resection >15 years prior ingestion of nitrates |
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Where does stomach cancer commonly spread?
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Virchow's node
Sister Mary Joseph's nodes Blumer's shelf Ovarian metastasis |
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True or False: Barium upper GI series can detect small and superficial lesions as well as distinguish benign from malignant ulcerations in patients with stomach cancer.
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False: It cannot do any of that.
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