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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
causes, Sx, Dx of otitis externa |
bacterial, fungal, allergic; pseudomonas, proteus, aspergillus swimming, trauma (Qtip), contact dermatitis
Sx: pain, discharge; +/- itching, hearing loss
Dx: culture (only if severe, immunocompromised, refractory) |
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Tx for otitis externa |
clean canal; treat inflm/infx; control pain; avoid causes (e.g. Qtip)
abx drops (quinolone, aminoglycoside) steroid drops, acetic acid drops |
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Sx acute otitis media |
otalgia, hearing loss, dizziness, fever (rare) |
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Tx for acute otitis media |
antibiotics (amoxicillin, cephalosporin) BUT caution w/ TM perforation
complications: spread (mastoiditis), perforation, hearing loss; could be life-threatening |
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pathogens: otitis media |
S. pneumonia, H. influenza, S. aureus, M. catarrhalis |
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chronic otitis media |
chronic serous/purulent drainage w/ TM perforation |
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choleseatoma |
keratinizing squamous epithelial growth in middle ear and/or mastoid process
S/Sx: discharge, hearing loss
Tx: surgery |
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benign paroxysmal position vertigo |
predictable vertigo, in certain positions;
Dx: Dix-halpike maneuver
Tx: Epley maneuver (resets position of otoliths) |
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vestibular neuritis labyrinthitis |
viral or post-viral; affects vestibular portion of CN 8;
severe, persistent vertigo; N/V (stimulation of vagus n); gait instability |
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Ramsay Hunt Syndrome |
aka herpes zoster oticus;
acute vertigo, hearing loss, facial paralysis, ear pain, vesicules in auditory canal |
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Meniere disease |
excess endolymphatic fluid pressure;
spontaneous vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, ear fullness |
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acoustic neuroma |
from vestibular shwannoma; unilateral hearing loss or tinnitus
can put pressure on facial n. |
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common causes of anterior epistaxis |
Kiesselbach's plexus;
trauma, irritation, dryness, hyperemia (infx, allergy), foreign body
others: meds, bleeding disorder |
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possible causes of posterior epistaxis |
could suggest carotid aneurysm, tumor
others: meds, bleeding disorder |
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Tx of epistaxis |
pressure (10-15 min), packing; cautery (silver nitrate, electrical); oxymetazoline (Afrin nasal spray); bend forward, cotton w/ antiseptic; cold compress
if post = packing, surg., embolization
consider lowering BP (if contributing) |
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S/Sx of allergic rhinitis |
sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction; itchy eyes/nose, post-nasal drip; cough, fatigue, can't concentrate |
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Tx of allergic rhinitis |
antihistamine, steroids, avoid exposure, allergy testing |
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S/Sx of acute sinusitis |
mostly viral (even bacterial is self-limiting),
rhinorrhea, HA, dizziness, nasal drainage, fatigue |
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allergic rhinitis vs. acute sinusitis? |
rhinitis: sneezing, itching, cough
sinusitis: HA, dizziness |
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Tx acute sinusitis |
spontaneous resolution within 10d
symptomatic Tx: NSAIDs, saline irrigation, topical glucocorticoids, topical/oral decongestants, antihistamines, mucolytics, oral steroids, surgery
abx: augmentin, Z-pack, Bactrim
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If acute sinusitis shows no improvement.. |
consider CAT scan, cultures |
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Refer a pt w/ acute sinusitis if... |
high fever, visual disturbance, altered mental stats, severe HA, meningeal sinus |
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S/Sx of acute pharyngitis |
sore throat, exudate, cervical adenitis, fever, enlarged tonsils |
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Dx acute pharyngitis |
rapid strep antigen, throat culture |
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Tx acute pharyngitis |
mostly symptomatic,
abx if it's Group A Strep |
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S/Sx of epiglotitis |
stridor, hoarseness, pharyngitis, fever, neck tenderness, cough, difficulty swallowing, drooling
is an emergency |
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What is a peritonsillar abscess? S/Sx? |
collection of pus between capsule of palatine tonsil & pharyngeal muscles
severe sore throat, fever, muffled voice, saliva pooling, trismus, very swollen & fluctuant tonsil, deviated uvula, bulging of post. soft palate, erythema, exudate |
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Tx for peritonsillar abscess |
surgical drainage |
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causes of chronic laryngitis |
GERD, chronic sinusitis, vocal strain, alcohol, smoking
(acute causes = viral, bacterial) |
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S/Sx of laryngitis |
hoarseness, cough |
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Tx for laryngitis |
voice rest, Tx underlying cause
rarely abx, sometimes steroid |
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What is sialadinitis? S/Sx? |
inflammation of salivary glands; from dehydration, poor oral hygeine
pain, swelling, redness, fever, purulent exudate |
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Tx for sialadinitis |
hydration, analgesics, antibiotics |
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causes of parotitis? |
viral or bacterial (e.g. mumps, Epstein-Barr, CMV, flu, staph aureus, mixed oral flora) |
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lab test for parotitis? |
elevated amylase, but not lipase |
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When is referral appropriate in looking for an oral malignancy? |
esp. if smoker, heavy drinker, 50+ y/o:
oral ulcer/mass for >3 wks pain >4 wks persistent sore throat tooth mobility persistent hoarseness
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