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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Edema?
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-too much fluid between cells
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Anasarca
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severe generalized edema
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hydro
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prefix for edema
ex. hydrothorax |
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Causes of Edema
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1. increased intravascular hydrostatic forces
2. loss of vascular osmotic forces 3. compromised endothelial cell function 4. compromised lymphatic channel func 5. sodium retention |
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snow ball effect
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protein loss leading to edema resulting in a loss of intravascular fluid to the interstitial space leading to hypovolemia leading to salt and water retention by kidney and more edema
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What is hyperemia?
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-increase in arterial input
-increase volume of blood in vessels |
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What is congestion?
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-decrease venous outflow
-backup of blood |
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What does hemorrhage mean?
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-loss of blood from the intravascular space due to rupture of blood vessel
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What causes hemorrhage?
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-trauma (raquetball)
-congenital -necrosis |
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What are the types of hemorrhages?
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External and internal (may use proteins and iron over again)
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What is an example of an external hemorrhage?
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-bleeding nose
-hemorrhage of the GI tract |
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Hematoma
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accumulation of blood in tissues
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What is an example of a hematoma?
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a bruise
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What happens to a hematoma?
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it can calcify
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What is a hemorrhage of the skin called?
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hematoma
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What are the two different sizes of a hematoma?
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-petechaie (pencil sz): less than 5mm in diameter
-ecchymosiss: more than 5mm in diameter |
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significance of a hemorrhage depends on ...
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1. how much blood is loss
2. rate of blood 3. location |
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what is the percentage of blood loss needed to cause a problem?
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20%
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What results from slow blood loss?
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-taking aspirin daily
-syncope due to blood loss -blackfan-diamond syndrome |
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What does Hemostasis mean?
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cessation of blood
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why does hemostasis occur?
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-vasoconstriction
-release of clotting factors -clotting cascade |
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what does thrombosis mean?
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-formation of a clot
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What is thrombosis the main cause of?
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-stroke
-heart attack |
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What happens when you have abnormal thrombosis formation?
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1. endothelial injury
2. statis and turbulensce 3. hypercoagulable state |
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What is an embolism?
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a mass that shouldn't be in the cardiovascular system
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What is thromboembolism?
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mass due to a blood clot
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what is an infarction?
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an area undergoing necrosis due to loss of arterial supply or venous drainage
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What are the largest % of infarcts due to?
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thromboembolism and thrombosis
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Define shock
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lack of blood supply to a tissue
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What does shock lead to?
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hypoxic injury (lack of oxygen)
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Symptoms of shock patients
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-hypotension (low b.p.)
-ashen grew color -cool clammy skin -weak rapid pulse -increased respiratory rate -body says not enough oxygen |
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cardiogenic shock
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-hear pump failure
-can't pump enough blood to the tissues and especially the vital organs |
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hypovolemic shock
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-due to hemorrhage
-diarrhea and vomiting in children -acute |
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Septic Shock
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-grame negative bacteria
-infection of bloodsteam (septicemia) |
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Neurogenic Shock
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-simple fainting
-fainting -triggered by emotions -b.p. is low |
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anaphylactic shock
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-due to allergic reaction
-may be due to insect stings |
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Irreversible Shock
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-may follow any form of shock and if the shock is reversed, death will ensue
-due to a vital organ that can't be repaired -pt will probably die |
