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47 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
how much calcium is usually stored within the body?
1000 grams
What % of calcium is found within the plasma?

-1%
-5%
-10%
1%
What disease predisposes pt's to hypocalcemia?
kidney failure
if a pt. appears to be starving or malnourished what lab should you check?
albumin "the bus"
What % of plasma calcium is ionized?
50% the other 50% is bound to albumin
Which calcium is available for use the ionized or protein bound?
protein bound
If a pt is depressed, weepy, muscle weakness, listless, loss of appetite, nauseated, and may/may not have tetany...What is it?

-hyperkalemia
-hypocalcemia
-hypercalcemia
hypocalcemia
If you tap over the facial nerve in front of the ear, that causes a momentary twitch of the corner of the mouth on the same side as the irritable facial muscles contract...what test is this?

-trousseau's sign
-chvostek's sign
chvostek's sign
What muscle are you tapping on when looking for chvostek's sign?
masseter muscle
A positive chvostek's sign indicates what condition?
hypocalcemia
If you inflate a BP cuff to above systolic pressure, within 4 minutes there will be a spasm of the hand...what is the name of the test?
trousseau's sign
Trousseau's sign is indicative of what condition?
hypocalcemia
Calcitonin builds up on ?

-osteoblasts
-osteoclasts
osteoblasts
calcitonin is important in bone remodeling and in the treatment of __?
osteoporosis
Calcitonin is produced by C-cells of the __ gland
thyroid
Calitonin inhibits __ from resorbing bone.
osteoclasts
When calcium levels are low what hormone is stimulated?
PtH
Angiotensin II is converted to aldosterone WHERE?
adrenal cortex
Where is the adrenal medulla located within the adrenal gland?
medulla is in the MIDDLE
What type of hormones are produced within the adrenal gland? (general answer)
steroid hormones
What are the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex?
zona glomerulosa
zona fasiculata
zona reticularis
What steroid hormone is produced within the zona glomerulosa?
mineralocortocoid like aldosterone
What type of hormone is aldosterone?
mineralcortocoid (salt) produced in the zona glomerulosa
What type of hormones are produced within the zona fasiculata?
glucocorticoids (sugar) like cortisol
What types of hormones are produced within the zona reticularis?
sex hormones like DHEA and other weak androgens
ALdosterone is a __corticoid.
minerALcorticoid
Where does aldosterone act on receptors within the kidney?
distal renal tubule
What does aldosterone do to sodium and potassium?
moves sodium into blood, and potassium out to urine

sodINum into blood, pOUTassium into urine
Definition--An osmolar concentration of the body fluids that is abnormally raised
Hyperosmolarity
Definition—The process by which ketone bodies are produced as a result of breakdown of fatty acids
Ketogenesis
Definition—A state characterised by raised concentrations of ketone bodies in the blood
Ketosis
Definition—The breakdown of fat stored in fat cells
Lipolysis
Definition—Moles per litre of solution
Osmolarity
Definition—Diuresis (increased excretion of urine) as a result of a high concentration of osmotically active substances in the renal tubules
Osmotic diuresis
Aggressive fluid management is vital. Correct electrolyte abnormalities, and remember that rehydration takes priority over___
correction of blood glucose
Patients are in a hypercoagulable state, so full anticoagulation is advised if serum osmolarity >__ mmol/l
350
A pt. presents with high aldosterone, high BP, high Na+, and low renin, and low potassium...what do you have?

HARPS!
primary hyperaldosteronism
Too much cortisol production =
Cushing's syndrome
A pt. has low sodium and high potassium with low cortisol and/or aldosterone levels and you have?
addison's disease
Aldosterone works on the __?
distal renal tubule
What catecholamines are produced within the adrenal medulla?
epi and norepi
oxytocin is responsible for __ and __.
milk production and uterine contraction
What hormone is in control of fertility?
prolactin
Prolactin is in control of fertility and the negative feedback control of __ __.
milk production
Does prolactin induce fertility or help with counteracting fertility?
induces fertility, such as when a baby is breast feeding the mom rarely gets knocked up again.
psychotropic drugs in men can cause __.
galactorrhea
Grave's disease triad?
goiter
eye signs (exopthalmos)
thyrotoxicosis

whatever.............