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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
how much calcium is usually stored within the body?
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1000 grams
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What % of calcium is found within the plasma?
-1% -5% -10% |
1%
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What disease predisposes pt's to hypocalcemia?
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kidney failure
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if a pt. appears to be starving or malnourished what lab should you check?
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albumin "the bus"
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What % of plasma calcium is ionized?
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50% the other 50% is bound to albumin
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Which calcium is available for use the ionized or protein bound?
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protein bound
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If a pt is depressed, weepy, muscle weakness, listless, loss of appetite, nauseated, and may/may not have tetany...What is it?
-hyperkalemia -hypocalcemia -hypercalcemia |
hypocalcemia
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If you tap over the facial nerve in front of the ear, that causes a momentary twitch of the corner of the mouth on the same side as the irritable facial muscles contract...what test is this?
-trousseau's sign -chvostek's sign |
chvostek's sign
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What muscle are you tapping on when looking for chvostek's sign?
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masseter muscle
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A positive chvostek's sign indicates what condition?
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hypocalcemia
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If you inflate a BP cuff to above systolic pressure, within 4 minutes there will be a spasm of the hand...what is the name of the test?
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trousseau's sign
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Trousseau's sign is indicative of what condition?
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hypocalcemia
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Calcitonin builds up on ?
-osteoblasts -osteoclasts |
osteoblasts
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calcitonin is important in bone remodeling and in the treatment of __?
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osteoporosis
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Calcitonin is produced by C-cells of the __ gland
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thyroid
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Calitonin inhibits __ from resorbing bone.
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osteoclasts
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When calcium levels are low what hormone is stimulated?
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PtH
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Angiotensin II is converted to aldosterone WHERE?
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adrenal cortex
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Where is the adrenal medulla located within the adrenal gland?
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medulla is in the MIDDLE
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What type of hormones are produced within the adrenal gland? (general answer)
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steroid hormones
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What are the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex?
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zona glomerulosa
zona fasiculata zona reticularis |
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What steroid hormone is produced within the zona glomerulosa?
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mineralocortocoid like aldosterone
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What type of hormone is aldosterone?
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mineralcortocoid (salt) produced in the zona glomerulosa
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What type of hormones are produced within the zona fasiculata?
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glucocorticoids (sugar) like cortisol
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What types of hormones are produced within the zona reticularis?
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sex hormones like DHEA and other weak androgens
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ALdosterone is a __corticoid.
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minerALcorticoid
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Where does aldosterone act on receptors within the kidney?
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distal renal tubule
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What does aldosterone do to sodium and potassium?
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moves sodium into blood, and potassium out to urine
sodINum into blood, pOUTassium into urine |
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Definition--An osmolar concentration of the body fluids that is abnormally raised
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Hyperosmolarity
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Definition—The process by which ketone bodies are produced as a result of breakdown of fatty acids
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Ketogenesis
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Definition—A state characterised by raised concentrations of ketone bodies in the blood
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Ketosis
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Definition—The breakdown of fat stored in fat cells
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Lipolysis
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Definition—Moles per litre of solution
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Osmolarity
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Definition—Diuresis (increased excretion of urine) as a result of a high concentration of osmotically active substances in the renal tubules
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Osmotic diuresis
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Aggressive fluid management is vital. Correct electrolyte abnormalities, and remember that rehydration takes priority over___
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correction of blood glucose
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Patients are in a hypercoagulable state, so full anticoagulation is advised if serum osmolarity >__ mmol/l
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350
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A pt. presents with high aldosterone, high BP, high Na+, and low renin, and low potassium...what do you have?
HARPS! |
primary hyperaldosteronism
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Too much cortisol production =
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Cushing's syndrome
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A pt. has low sodium and high potassium with low cortisol and/or aldosterone levels and you have?
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addison's disease
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Aldosterone works on the __?
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distal renal tubule
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What catecholamines are produced within the adrenal medulla?
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epi and norepi
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oxytocin is responsible for __ and __.
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milk production and uterine contraction
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What hormone is in control of fertility?
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prolactin
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Prolactin is in control of fertility and the negative feedback control of __ __.
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milk production
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Does prolactin induce fertility or help with counteracting fertility?
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induces fertility, such as when a baby is breast feeding the mom rarely gets knocked up again.
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psychotropic drugs in men can cause __.
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galactorrhea
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Grave's disease triad?
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goiter
eye signs (exopthalmos) thyrotoxicosis whatever............. |