Cliffs Ap Biology Ch 6 Heredity

Front 1

What is the term used to define the genetic material on a chromosome that contains instructions for creating a particular trait?

Back 1

Gene

Front 2

What is the term used to define one or several varieties of a gene?

Back 2

Allele

Front 3

What is the term used to define the location on a chromosome where a gene is located?

Back 3

allele

Front 4

What is the term used to define a pair of chromosomes that contains the same genetic information, gene for gene?

Back 4

Homologous Chromosomes (Homologous Pair)

Front 5

What is the term used to define a gene that codes for a trait that is only expressed even when another allele is present?

Back 5

Dominant

Front 6

What is the term used to define a gene that is not expressed in a heterozygote when the dominant gene is present?

Back 6

Recessive

Front 7

What is the term used to define the inheritance of two dominant alleles?

Back 7

Homozygous

Front 8

What is the term used to define the inheritance of two recessive alleles?

Back 8

Homozygous recessive

Front 9

What is the term used to define when the two inherited alleles are different?

Back 9

Heterozygous

Front 10

What is the term used to define the physical manifestation of a gene?

Back 10

Phenotype

Front 11

What is the term used to define the segregation of alleles to individual gametes?

Back 11

law of segregation

Front 12

What is the term used to define the independent assortment of alleles?

Back 12

law of independent assortment

Front 13

In genetic crosses what does the P generation, F1 generation, and F2 generation?

Back 13

P= Parents
F1= Offspring of parents
F2= Offspring of F1

Front 14

What is the term used to define a cross in which one trait is being investigated, and what about when two traits are being investigated?

Back 14

Monohybrid/Dihybrid Cross

Front 15

In a monohybrid cross when a particular genotype is crossed as shown here Pp x Pp what are the ratios of genotypes?

Back 15

1 PP : 2 Pp : 1 pp

Front 16

What is the term used to define a mating of an individual whose genotype you are trying to determine with an individual whose genotype is known (Usually homozygous recessive)?

Back 16

Test Cross

Front 17

What is the term used to define when two different alleles in heterozygote conditions produce a blending of the individual expressions?

Back 17

Incomplete Dominance

Front 18

What is the term used to define when two different alleles in heterozygote conditions are both completely expressed?

Back 18

Codominance

Front 19

What is the term used to define when one gene affects the expression of another?

Back 19

Epistasis

Front 20

What is the term used to define when a single gene has multiple phenotypes?

Back 20

Pleiotropy

Front 21

What is the term used to define when multiple genes shape a single phenotype?

Back 21

Polygenic inheritance

Front 22

What is the term used to define when two genes are on the same chromosome located closely together and thus cannot segregate independently?

Back 22

Linked Genes

Front 23

What is the term used to define genes on sex chromosomes?

Back 23

Sex-linked Genes

Front 24

What is the term used to define when one X-chromosome remains coiled an nonfunctional?

Back 24

X-Inactivation

Front 25

What is the term used to define failure of one or more chromosome pairs or chromatids of a single chromosome to properly seperate during meiosis or mitosis?

Back 25

Nondisjunction

Front 26

What is the term used to define if all the chromosomes undergo meiotic nondisjunction and produce gametes with twice the number of chromosomes?

Back 26

Polyploidy

Front 27

What is the term used to define when a single nucleotide in the DNA is mutated and incorrect?

Back 27

Point Mutation

Front 28

What is the term used to define a genome with extra or missing chromosomes?

Back 28

Aneuploidy

Front 29

What is the term used to define when chromosome segments are changed?

Back 29

Chromosomal Aberrations

Front 30

What is the term used to define when a chromosome segment is repeated on the same chromosome?

Back 30

Duplication

Front 31

What is the term used to define when segments are rearranged in reverse orientation on the same chromosome?

Back 31

Inversions

Front 32

What is the term used to define when a segment ofa chromosome is moved to another chromosome?

Back 32

Translocation