Cliff

Front 1

True or False:

The gametophyge generation is the dominatnt stage of the life cycle and the sporophyte generation remains attached to the gametophyte.

This describes Green Algae

Back 1

False

describes Mosses

Front 2

Two sympatric specis of pine trees release their pollen during differnt months. What is this an example of?

Back 2

temporal isolation

Front 3

Where does photosynthesis primarily occur in most flowering plants?

Back 3

cells of palisade mesophyl

Front 4

The blastopore is the opening to the archenteron

Back 4

true

Front 5

to provide e which are energized by light energy

Back 5

What is the main function of water in photophosphorylation?

Front 6

What promotes elongation of cells in shoot tips of plants?

Back 6

Indoleacetic acid

Front 7

What transmits nerve impulses between neruons?

Back 7

Acetylcholine

Front 8

Where does food storage in seeds occur?

Back 8

cotyledon OR endosperm

Front 9

What is the competitive exclusion principle?

Back 9

When two species are competing for the exact same resources, one is likely to be more successful

Front 10

What is a biotic potential?

Back 10

Max growth under idea conditions

Front 11

In birds and mammals, where does gastrulation begin at?

Back 11

primitive streak

Front 12

What hormone promotes the development of the endometrium?

Back 12

progestrone

Front 13

What stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release hormones?

Back 13

GnRH

Front 14

What is the central cavity formed by gastrulation?

Back 14

Archenteron

Front 15

function of Sertoli cells?

Back 15

To help the spermatid as they differentiate into mature sperm where they eventually complete formation in the epididymis

Front 16

ovulation

Back 16

release of secondary oocyte from the follicle

Front 17

initiates a specific attack against an antigen?

Back 17

Plasma cells bc they'r synthesized by B cells

Front 18

exposes binding sites on actin?

Back 18

Tropomyosin

Front 19

Which structure maintains systolic blood pressure?

Back 19

left ventricle

Front 20

How is most CO2 transpoted in the blood as?

Back 20

HCO3-

Front 21

What is the purpose of the thyroid hormones T4 and T3?

Back 21

increase cellular metabolism

Front 22

What is cAMP produced from?

Back 22

ATP

Front 23

What two hormones are stored in the posterior pitu22itary until they are needed?

Back 23

ADH and oxytocin

Front 24

What are substances that stimulate the production of memory cells?

Back 24

Vaccines

Front 25

Where do T cells originate and where do they mature?

Back 25

Bones marrow, thymus gland

Front 26

What are memory cells within the immune system?

Back 26

B cells that dont release antibodies until there is an inversion

Front 27

plasma cells of the immune system?

Back 27

B cells that have released specific antibodies that circulate thro body

Front 28

What term describes the action potential jumping from node to node?

Back 28

saltatory conduction

Front 29

What effect does Aldosterone have on the permeability of distal tubule and collecting duct?

Back 29

increases the permeability to NA+

Front 30

What structure of the kidney does the renal artery enter into?

Back 30

Bowman's capsule

Front 31

How do mature RBCs maximize hemoglobin content and the ability to transport oxygen?

Back 31

lacking a nucleus

Front 32

Which type of cells catalyze the conversion of CO2 and H2O to H2CO3

Back 32

RBCs

Front 33

open circulatory system

Back 33

Blood is pumped into an internal cavity called a hemocoel which bathes tissues with and oxygen/nutrient carrying fluid called hemolymph

Front 34

What in the carotid arteries monitor the pH of the blood?

Back 34

chemoreceptors

Front 35

intercostal muscles location

Back 35

between the ribs

Front 36

Where does most carbon fixation occur in the C4 plants?

Back 36

Bundle sheath cells

Front 37

Auxin

Back 37

produced at the shoot tip and gets transported down the stem

Front 38

What contributes most of the water movement through the xylem?

Back 38

Transpiration

Front 39

Where do root hairs occur on?

Back 39

epidermal cells in the zone of maturation

Front 40

What produces bark in woody plants?

Back 40

Cork Cambium

Front 41

What hormone acts as a plant growth inhibitor?

Back 41

ABA or Abscisic acid

Front 42

What effect does potassium have on stomatal opening?

Back 42

Creates a [ ] gradient favorable for H2O intake which in turn stimulates the opening of stomatal opening

Front 43

When water reaches the epidermis, what is the only way that it can continue into the vascular cylinder?

Back 43

Symplast water pathway

Front 44

apoplast

Back 44

water travels from one cell wall to another w/o entering the other cells

Front 45

cork cambium give rise to

Back 45

periderm

Front 46

What makes up the tissue inside of the endodermis?

Back 46

stele

Front 47

In plants what is the innermost ring of tightly packed cells?

Back 47

Endodermis

Front 48

What type of plants undergo secondary growth?

Back 48

conifers and woody dicot

Front 49

primary growth in plants

Back 49

only growth in apical meristems

Front 50

In many monocots, what surround and protects the epicotyl?

Back 50

Coleoptile

Front 51

plumule

Back 51

young leaves

Front 52

function of phloem

Back 52

conduction of sugars

Front 53

fcn of xylem

Back 53

conduction of water and mechanical support

Front 54

What are collenchyma cells?

Back 54

Thick but flexible cell walls which serve as mechanical support

Front 55

What are parenchyma cells?

Back 55

most common component of ground tissue which aid in storage, photosynthesis, and secretion

Front 56

IN plants what are male gametes produced by?

Back 56

antheridium

Front 57

What is the type of bacteria which convert NO2- to NO3-?

Back 57

Nitrifying bacteria

Front 58

What are the 4 main features exhibited by all chordates?

Back 58

Notochord

Dorsal hollow nerve cord

Pharyngeal gill slits

Muscular tail

Front 59

What are the only deuterostomes?

Back 59

Echinoderms and Chordata

Front 60

annelids

Back 60

segmented worms

Front 61

arthropods

Back 61

insects, spiders, crustaceans

Front 62

acoelomate

Back 62

platyhelminthes

Front 63

What are the only phylum's who are pseudocoelomates?

Back 63

rotifera,nematoda

Front 64

What are the only phylum's which contain species with radial symmetry?

Back 64

Cnidaria, and Echinodermata

Front 65

animals are typically found in the phylum platyhelminthes?

Back 65

flatworms

Front 66

What animal is typically seen in the phylum porifera?

Back 66

sponges

Front 67

pseudocoelomate?

Back 67

Have a gut that is not fully lined with mesoderm derived tissue

Front 68

stamen

Back 68

anther and filament

Front 69

What are the female gametes of bryophytes called?

Back 69

archegonium

Front 70

function of antheridium?

Back 70

produce flagellated sperm that swin through water to fertilize eggs

Front 71

bryophytes?

Back 71

mosses, liverworts, and hornworts

Front 72

mycorrhizae?

Back 72

Mutualistic associations between fungi and root plants

Front 73

asexual spores?

Back 73

Sporangiospores

Conidia

Front 74

filaments of fungi called?

Back 74

hyphae

Front 75

archaebacteria's cell wall vs. a eubacteria's cell wall?

Back 75

Archaebacteria's cell wall lacks peptidoglycan

Front 76

Which pattern of macroevolution argues that evolution occurs by the gradual accumulation of small changes?

Back 76

Phyletic gradualism

Front 77

What is parallel evolution?

Back 77

des. 2 relates species or 2 related lineages that have made similar evolutionary changes after their divergence from a common ancestor

Front 78

What is temporal isolation?

Back 78

Species mate or flower during diff. season or at diff. times of the day

Front 79

What are three different ways that sympatric speciation may occur?

Back 79

Balanced polymorphism

Polyploidy

Hybridization

Front 80

sexual dimorphism?

Back 80

differences in the appearance of males and females

Front 81

disruptive selection.

Back 81

Selection that favors both extremes but not the middle

Front 82

directional selection

Back 82

Favoring traits that are at one extreme of a range of traits

Front 83

Homologous

Back 83

body parts that resemble one another in diff species bc of a common ancestor

Front 84

Analogous

Back 84

body parts that resemble one another bc of adaptations to their env.

Front 85

the end product of translation

Back 85

polypeptide

Front 86

polymorphisms?

Back 86

slight diff in DNA sequence

Front 87

Why do restriction fragments between indv. of the same species differ in length?

Back 87

polymorphisms

Front 88

How are restriction fragments separated?

Back 88

gel electrophoresis

Front 89

What process occurs when new DNA is introduced into bacteria by a virus?

Back 89

transduction

Front 90

the process of DNA exchange between bacteria?

Back 90

conjugation

Front 91

virus that is in a dormant state?

Back 91

provirus

Front 92

lysogenic cycle

Back 92

dormant phase where the virus remains inactibe until a trigger occurs

Front 93

Lytic cycle

Back 93

Destruction phase of active viral replication

Front 94

transpoons

Back 94

DNA segments within a DNA molecule that are able to move to new locations.

Front 95

What is heterochromatin? What is the relative activity of DNA?

Back 95

Areas where nucleosomes are more tightly compacted and where DNA is inactive

Front 96

regions where DNA is loosely bound to nucleosomes?

Back 96

Euchromatin

Front 97

How is an aminoacyl tRNA formed? Where does the occur?

Back 97

In the cytoplasm, amino acids attach to the 3' end of the tRNAs

Front 98

Before the RNA moves into the cytoplasm ________ deletes out the _____ and splices the _____

Back 98

snRNPs

introns

exons

Front 99

noncoding sequences in DNA?

Back 99

intron

Front 100

sequences that express a code for a polypeptide?

Back 100

exons