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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is primary prevention
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Intervention before pathological change has begun
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What is secondary prevention
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(early detection) - inspection, palpation, diagnostic procedures and test
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What is screening?
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identifying and evaluating high risk groups of people
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name some of the primary prevention to reduce cancer risk
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healthy diet
no smoking exercise weight control sun protection |
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at what age should mammograms be started?
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Age 40
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Clinical breast exam guideline
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every three years for women in their 20's and 30's and every year for women 40 and over
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Breast self exam age
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starting at age 20
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colorectal cancer
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colonoscopy every 10years after age 50
test for polyps |
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Cervical cancer
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every 3 years after intercourse and no later than 21 years old
every year pap test screening |
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endometrial cancer
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at the time of menopause
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Clinical breast exam guideline
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every three years for women in their 20's and 30's and every year for women 40 and over
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Breast self exam age
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starting at age 20
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colorectal cancer
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colonoscopy every 10years after age 50
test for polyps |
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Cervical cancer
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every 3 years after intercourse and no later than 21 years old
every year pap test screening |
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endometrial cancer
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at the time of menopause
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prostate cancer
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at age 50 start talking to doc
at age 45 if AA or have dad/bro who had prostate cancer before age 65 |
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what is the most common cancer in women
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breast cancer
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what are the risk factors for breast cancer
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early menarche
late menopause never been pregnant 1st child after 30 |
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what is the drug that is chemo preventive for Breast cancer
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Tamoxifen
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what is the leading cause of death in the U.S
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lung cancer
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who has the highest death rates for lung cancer in the US
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Kentucky
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what is the leading cause for lung cancer
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smoking
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what is the second leading causes of lung cancer
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asbestos
radiation TB pollution |
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what is the screening employed for lung cancer
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spiral CT
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what is the primary prevention for preventing lung cancer
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stop smoking
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what are the risk factors for head/neck cancer
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tobacco
alcohol poor oral hygiene occupational exposure |
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how are head/neck cancer detected
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early dental exams, and prevented by stop/change in behaviors
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what is the 3rd highest incidence of cancer in men and women
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colon and rectal cancer
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what are the risk factors for colon /rectal cancer
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family
ulcerative colitis sedentary lifestyle high fat low fiber diet smoking alcohol |
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what are some of the screenings employed for colorectal cancer at age 50, or earlier if family history
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FOBT
Flexible sigmoidoscopy Q5yrs colonoscopy every 10 years |
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Prostate cancer screening
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talk with md at 50, at 45 if AA or risk
screen prostate with digital exam or PSA Monthly self exam starting at age 20 |
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what are the risk factors for prostate cancer
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PSA >2.5
genetics age race |
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what are the risk factors for cervical cancer
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multiple sex partners
HPV STI |
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what is the medicine that protects agains cervical cancer
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Gardisil age 9-26
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how does basal/squamous cell carcinoma look like
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pale, wax like, pearly nodules or red scaly patch
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what are the risk factors for head/neck cancer
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tobacco
alcohol poor oral hygiene occupational exposure |
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how are head/neck cancer detected
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early dental exams, and prevented by stop/change in behaviors
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what is the 3rd highest incidence of cancer in men and women
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colon and rectal cancer
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what are the risk factors for colon /rectal cancer
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family
ulcerative colitis sedentary lifestyle high fat low fiber diet smoking alcohol |
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what are some of the screenings employed for colorectal cancer at age 50, or earlier if family history
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FOBT
Flexible sigmoidoscopy Q5yrs colonoscopy every 10 years |
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Prostate cancer screening
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talk with md at 50, at 45 if AA or risk
screen prostate with digital exam or PSA Monthly self exam starting at age 20 |
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what are the risk factors for prostate cancer
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PSA >2.5
genetics age race |
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what are the risk factors for cervical cancer
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multiple sex partners
HPV STI |
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what is the medicine that protects agains cervical cancer
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Gardisil age 9-26
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how does basal/squamous cell carcinoma look like
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pale, wax like, pearly nodules or red scaly patch
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how does melanoma look like
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change in existing mole/freckle
new mole, freckle or other pigmented skin |
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what are the risk factors for skin cancer
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sun exposure
tanning multiple moles fair complexion family history |
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how do you prevent skin cancer
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decrease sun exposure
SPF 15 or greater sun screen hat and clothing self inspection and awareness |
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what are the ABCDE's of inspecting moles or pigmented skin
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A - asymetry
B - Border C - color D - diametern larger than 6mm E - elevation |
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How do you diagnose cancer
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1st step - history
clinical manifestations complete diagnostic work up (labs. biopsy, imaging) |
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what are the clinical manifestations of cancer
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may be none
local or metastasis generalized weakness/fatigue/weight loss pain CNS changes hematologic changes |
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what are the gradings of cancer
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Grades 1 and 2 - well differentiated,minimally deviated from normal cells
Grade 3 and 4 - poorly differentiated and deviated from normal |
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what is stage 0 of cancer
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cancer in situ (without spread)
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what is stage 4 of cancer
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distant metastasis and worst prognosis
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what are the treatment goals of cancer
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- appropriate therapy
- control cancer - palliative or alleviation of clinical manifestation - rehab to maintain quality of life |
