Clh&n And Fns Test V Fns 27: Dorsal Thalamus I

Front 1

Give another name for the diencephalon.

Back 1

In between brain

Front 2

What is the key to understanding the CNS?

Back 2

Thalamus

Front 3

What are the three ventral tier nuclei?

Back 3

VA, VL and VP (Ventral anterior, ventral lateral and vetnral posterior)

Front 4

What are the two nuclei that make up the dorsal tier?

Back 4

LD and LP (lateral dorsal and lateral posterior)

Front 5

What divides the thalamus into large nuclear groups?

Back 5

Internal medullary lamina

Front 6

What forms a shell around the whole thalamus?

Back 6

External medullary lamina

Front 7

List five functions of the thalamic nuclei?

Back 7

1. Receive all ascending sensory information except olfaction. 2. Receive systems concerned with motor activities. 3. Receive cerebellar output. 4. Receive the ARAS. 5. Involved with the circuitry of limbic system.

Front 8

What one piece of sensory information does not go directly through the thalamus?

Back 8

Olfaction

Front 9

True/False; Regions which receive input from the thalamus are reciprocally innervated.

Back 9

True

Front 10

What are the mammillary body afferent connections for the thalamic nuclei?

Back 10

MTT

Front 11

What are the afferent connections for the anterior nuclear group of the thalamic group?

Back 11

Hippocampal formation

Front 12

What are the two efferent connections of the anterior nuclear group?

Back 12

Cingulate gyrus, and limbic lobe

Front 13

Where does the ventral anterior (VA) thalamic nuclei's efferent connections?

Back 13

Supplementary motor cortex (medial premotor)

Front 14

What are the two afferent connections of the ventral anterior thalamic nuclei?

Back 14

Basal ganglia, and thalamic nuclei (intralaminar nuclei)

Front 15

What are the two components of the basal ganglia which project to the ventral anterior thalamic nuclei?

Back 15

Medial Pallidal segment and the Substantia Nigra/pars reticulata

Front 16

What are the two efferent connections of the ventral anterior thatalmic nuclei?

Back 16

Diffuse connections to frontal lobe, and motor cortex

Front 17

What does MTT stand for?

Back 17

Mammalothalamic tract

Front 18

What are the four afferent connections for the dorsal medial thalamic nuclei?

Back 18

Amygdala & olfactory cortex, substantia nigra, pars reticulata

Front 19

What are the efferent connections through the dorsal medial thalamic nuclei that originated from the amygdala & olfactory cortex?

Back 19

Prefrontal cortex (rostral to primary and premotor cortex)

Front 20

What are the efferent connections through the dorsal medial thalamic nuclei that originated from the substantia nigra and pars reticulata?

Back 20

Frontal eey fields on middle frontal gyrus

Front 21

What are the two afferent connections of the ventral lateral thalamus?

Back 21

Basal ganglia, and cerebellum

Front 22

What are the two components of the ventral lateral thalamic nucleus?

Back 22

Ventral lateral anterior and ventral lateral posterior

Front 23

What are the two places that the efferent connections for the ventral lateral posterior thalamus project to?

Back 23

Lateral premotor cortex, primary motor cortex

Front 24

What are the three functions of the dorsal medial thalamic nuclei?

Back 24

Olfaction, Emotion/memory/pain/stress, motor function

Front 25

What is the efferent connection through the ventral lateral anterior with an afferent connection of basal ganglia (output nuclei, MPS & SNr, esp MPS)?

Back 25

Supplementary motor cortex (medial premotor)

Front 26

What is the cause of Korsakoff's syndrome?

Back 26

Vitamin B1 thiamin deficiency (often asssociated with alcohol abuse)

Front 27

What are three characteristics of korsakoff's syndrome?

Back 27

Difficutly in acquiring new info, lack of insight into the condition, inventing events to fill the gaps in memory-known as 'confabulation'

Front 28

What is the rostral boundary of the diencephalon?

Back 28

Plane through the interventricular foramen and optic chiasm

Front 29

What is the caudal boundary of the diencephalon?

Back 29

Plan through the posterior commissure and caudal border of mmamillary bodies

Front 30

What is the medial boundary of the diencephalon?

Back 30

Third ventricle

Front 31

What is the lateral boundary of the diencephalon?

Back 31

internal capsule

Front 32

What are the four subdivisions of the diencephalon?

Back 32

Epithalamus, hypothalamus, thalamus (dorsal thalamus), subthalamus (Ventral Thalamus)

Front 33

What subdivision of the diencephalon is located below the splenium of the corpus callosum along the dorsal wall of 3rd ventricle; includes stria medullaris thalami, habenular nuclei, pinela body, posterior commissure?

Back 33

Epithalamus

Front 34

What subdivision of the diencephalon is located below the hypothalamic sulcus; extending from the lamina terminalis to caudal border of mmaillary bodies?

Back 34

Hypothalamus

Front 35

What subdivision of the diencephalon is an egg-shaped mass comprising most of the lateral wall of 3rd ventcricle above the hypothalamic sulcus?

Back 35

Thalamus (Dorsal Thalamus)

Front 36

What subdivision of the diencephalon is lateral and posterior to the hypothalamus, ventral to the thalamus and merges caudally with midbrain; includes the subthalamic nucleus and zona incerta?

Back 36

Subthalamus (ventral Thalamus)

Front 37

What receives all sensory systems that ascend to the cerebral cortex except olfaction?

Back 37

Thalamus (Dorsal Thalamus)

Front 38

Besides all sensory systems list four other afferent pathways of the thalamus (dorsal)?

Back 38

Motor activity system, cerebellar output, ARAS, circuitry of limbic system

Front 39

List the five anatomical subdivisions of the thalamus.

Back 39

Anterior nuclear, medial nuclear, lateral nuclear, Intralaminar nuclear, posterior nuclear

Front 40

What are the two nuclei located in the dorsal tier of the lateral nuclear group?

Back 40

Lateral dorsal (LD) and Lateral posterior (LP)

Front 41

What are the three nuclei located in the ventral tier of the lateral nuclear group?

Back 41

Ventral anterior, ventral lateral, ventral posterior

Front 42

What two divisions are apart of the ventral posterior nucleus (VP)?

Back 42

VPL (ventral posterior lateral) and VPM (Ventral posterior medial)

Front 43

What are the two nuclei of the intralaminar nuclear group?

Back 43

Rostral intralaminar nuclei, and caudal intralminar nuclei

Front 44

The parafasciucular nucleus (PF) and the centromedian nucleus (CM?

Back 44

Part of the caudal intralaminar nuclei

Front 45

True/False; All thalamic nuclei receive input from at least one extrathalamic source?

Back 45

True

Front 46

True/False; All thalamic nuclei project to the cerebral cortex?

Back 46

Reticular nuclei does not project to the cerebral cortex.

Front 47

True/False; All input destined for the cerebral cortex is relayed from the thalamus.

Back 47

False, olfactory system is not relayed from the thalamus to the cortex, it terminates in the thalamus.

Front 48

What are the three functional categories of thalamic nuclei?

Back 48

Relay, diffuse connection and subcortical nuclei

Front 49

What functional category of thalamic nuclei? Receives information from ascending systems and proejcts to specific cortical areas. Receives descending projection from the same cortical areas.

Back 49

Relay nuclei

Front 50

What functional category of thalamic nuclei? Receive information from various ascending systems and have widespread recprocal connectios with multiple cortical areas?

Back 50

Diffuse connection thalamic nuclei

Front 51

What functional category of thalamic nuclei? Consist of a single nuclear group, it does not send axons to the cerebral cortex, but it interconnected with other thalamic nuclei

Back 51

Subcortical nuclei

Front 52

List two examples of relay nuclei.

Back 52

LP and LD

Front 53

List two examples of diffuse connection nuclei.

Back 53

Intralaminar nuclei, VA

Front 54

What are the two afferent connections for the anterior nuclear group?

Back 54

Mammillary body (via MTT) and hippocampal formation (fornix)

Front 55

What are the efferent connection for the anterior nuclear group?

Back 55

Cingulate gyrus of limbic lobe

Front 56

What are the afferent connections for the Ventral anterior which projects to supplementary motor area (medial premotor cortex)?

Back 56

Medial Pallidal segment, substantia nigra, pars reticulata

Front 57

What is the afferent connection for the ventral anterior which projects to diffuse projection to frontal lobe?

Back 57

Intralaminar nuclei

Front 58

With a coronal section trhoguht eh mammillary group what two nuclei should be seen?

Back 58

Dorsal medial nucleus, ventral lateral nucleus (and remnants of the anterior nuclear group)

Front 59

What are the efferent connections for the amygdala & olfactory cortex (afferent connections) of the DM?

Back 59

Prefrontal cortex (rostral to primary and premotor cortex)

Front 60

What are the efferent connections for the substantia nigra, pars reticulata through the dorsal medial thalamic nuclei?

Back 60

Frontal eey fields on middle frontal gyrus

Front 61

What are the three afferent connections of the dorsal medial thalamic nuclei?

Back 61

Amygdala & olfactory cortex, substantia nigra pars reticulata

Front 62

What is the afferent connection for the Ventral lateral anterior which projects to the supplementary motor area?

Back 62

Basal Ganglia (output nuclei)

Front 63

What is the afferent connection for the ventral latera posterior which projects to the both the latera premotor cortex and primary motor cortex?

Back 63

Cerebellum (contralateral deep cerebellar nuclei)

Front 64

What are the two efferent connections for the Ventral lateral posterior thalamic nuclear group?

Back 64

Lateral premotor cortex, primary motor cortex

Front 65

What are the four (five) thalamic nuclei characterized by specific relay?

Back 65

Anterior, VA, DM, VLa, VLp

Front 66

What has the function of emotions autonomic relationship to behavior?

Back 66

Limbic system

Front 67

The limbic system is associated with what dorsal thalmus nuclear group?

Back 67

Anterior

Front 68

What category of the ventral anterior (specific relay or diffuse) is associated with motor functions related basal ganglia?

Back 68

Specific relay

Front 69

What category of the ventral anterior (specific relay or diffuse) is associed with part of ARAS - arousal?

Back 69

Diffuse

Front 70

What dorsal nucleus is associated with olfactory processing related olfactory input, Emotion, memory, pain, stress related to amygdala input, motor functions related to basal ganglia.

Back 70

Dorsal Medial

Front 71

What nucleus is responsible for motor functions related to basal ganglia?

Back 71

Ventral lateral anterior

Front 72

What nucleus is responsible for motor functions related to cerebellum?

Back 72

Ventral lateral posterior