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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List the three layers of the visceral structures of the neck.
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The endocrine layer
The respiratory layer The alimentary layer |
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The Thyroid and parathyroid glands compose which layer of the neck viscera?
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The endocrine layer
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The larynx and trachea compose which layer of the neck?
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The respiratory layer
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The pharynx and esophagus compose which layer of the neck?
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The alimentary layer
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What is an endocrine gland situated in the neck on either side of the larynx and trachea?
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The thyroid gland
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Define the superior and inferior boundaries of the thyroid gland.
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Superiorly it extends from the fifth cervical to the first throacic vertebra
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True/False, the thyroid gland is larger in females than males.
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True
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What anchors the thyroid gland to the larynx and trachea?
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The pretracheal fascia
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What is the embryonic origination of the thyroid gland?
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The thyroid develops from an epithelial proliferation in the floor of the pharynx
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Describe the pathway the thyroid takes during development.
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It starts at the floor of the pharynx and then migrates caudally, remaining connected to the tongue by a narrow canal the thyroglossal duct.
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What causes a pyramidal lobe of the thyroid?
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A thickening of the inferior end of the thyroglossal duct.
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What are the two arteries which supply the thyroid gland?
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Superior and inferior thyroid arteries
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What is the first branch from the anterior aspect of the external carotid artery (ECA)?
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Superior Thyroid Artery
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What accompanies the superior thyroid artery?
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The superior laryngeal nerve
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What is a branch of the thyrocercival trunk of the subclavian artery which supplies the thyroid gland?
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The inferior thyroid artery
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What nerve is intimately associated with the inferior thyroid artery? It may cross anterior or posterior to the artery or pass between the branches.
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The recurrent laryngeal nerve
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What is an inconstant unpaired artery supplying the thyroid gland which may arise from:
- Brachiocephalic trunk - The Arch of the Aorta - Left Common Carotid artery |
Thyroid Ima Artery
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What does the thyroid ima artery?
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The isthmus of the thyroid gland
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What is the clinical application of the Thyroid Ima Artery
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The possible presence of a thyroid ima artery is of clinical importance when incising the trachea inferior to the isthmus, since it runs anterior to the trachea and is a potential source of serious bleeding.
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How many veins drain the thyroid gland forming a venous plexus and what are their names?
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3
Superior Thyroid veins Middle Thyroid veins Inferior Thyroid veins |
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What drains the superior poles of the lateral lobes?
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Superior Thyroid Veins
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Where does the superior thyroid veins drain?
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Into the internal jugular veins
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What is paired with the superior thyroid vein?
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The superior thyroid artery (which is also is paired with the superior laryngeal nerve)
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What drains the mid-portion of the gland's lateral lobes?
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Middle thyroid veins
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Where do the middle thyroid veins?
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The internal jugular veins
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True/False: The inferior thyroid vein parallels the course of the inferior thyroid artery.
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False, IT DOES NOT. The superior thyroid artery parallels the superior thyroid vein
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Where does the inferior thyroid vein drain?
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Into the brachiocephalic vein
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What drains the inferior poles of the gland?
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Inferior Thyroid veins
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What nerves supply the thyroid?
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The postganglionic fibers of the cervical sympathetic trunk
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T3 = ?
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triiodothyromine
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T4 = ?
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Thyroxine
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What are the two functions of the thyroid gland?
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Contribute to brain development during fetal life
Accelerate the general metabolic processes of the body |
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True/false: Some thyroid hormone production can occur without iodine.
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False
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What is the world's leading cause of mental defects?
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Lack of iodine
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What is caused by a profound lack of thyroxine before birth?
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Cretinism which is characterized by growth retardation, developmental delay and other abnormal features
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Define: An abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland.
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Goiter
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What happens when the cervical sympathetic chain and recurrent laryngeal nerve are compromised?
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The cervical sympathetic chain deficit leads to Horner's syndrome.
Recurrent laryngeal nerve leads to voice changes. |
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Where do the parathyroid glands lie?
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Posterior surface of the surface gland
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What normally supplies the parathyroid glands?
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The inferior thyroid arteries
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What drains the parathyroid gland?
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The middle and inferior thyroid veins
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What is the nervous supply for the parathyroid gland?
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The cervical sympathetic trunks
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What is the function of parathormone?
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Controls calcium and phosphorous metabolism
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What can result in generalized convulsive muscle spasm known tetany?
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Hypocalcemia
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What are the boundaries of the thoracic inlet (anterior, posterior, lateral)?
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Anterior: the manubrium sterni
Posterior: the body of the 1st thorcic vertebra Lateral: the 1st pair of ribs and their costal cartilages. The apices of the lungs extend into the lateral parts of the root of the neck |
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What is the origin of the scalenus anterior?
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Transverse processes of C3-C6
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What is the insertion of the scalenus anterior?
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Scalene tubercle of first rib
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What is the function of scalenus anterior?
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Elevates the first rib
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What is the innervation of the scalenus anterior?
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Ventral Rami of C4-C7
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What one nerve, two arteries, and two veins are located on the anterior surface of the scalenus anterior muscle?
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Anterior surface of the scalenus muscle:
Phrenic nerve Suprascapular artery Transverse Cervical Artery Subclavian vein Internal Jugular Vein |
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What one artery, one nerve plexus, and two parts of an organ are located on the posterior surface of the scalenus anterior?
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Posterior surface of the scalenus anterior has:
Subclavian artery Brachial plexus Apex of the Lung Cupula of the Lung |
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What four arteries, one nerve, once component of the lymphatic system, and one arterial trunk are located medial to the scalenus anterior?
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Common Carotid Artery
Inferior Thyroid Artery Subclavian Artery Vertebral Artery Vagus nerve Thoracic duct Thyrocervical Trunk |
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What one major artery is lateral to the scalenus anterior?
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The subclavian artery
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What three arteries originate off the Arch of the Aorta?
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Left Common Carotid Artery
Left Subclavian Artery Brachiocephalic Trunk |
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What is the largest branch of the aortic arch?
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The Brachiocephalic trunk
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What does the brachiocephalic trunk branch into?
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Right common carotid artery
Subclavian artery |
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What is the main branch of the brachiocephalic trunk?
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The right subclavian artery
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What are the three arteries off of the first part of the subclavian artery?
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Vertebral artery
Internal Thoracic artery Thyrocervical trunk |
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What is the relationship between the first part of the subclavian artery and the anterior scalene muscle?
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the first part of the subclavian is located medial to the anterior scalene muscle
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What ascends through foramina transversarii of the upper six cervical vertebrae?
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Vertebral artery
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What arises from the posterior aspect of first part of the subclavian artery (first branch)?
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The vertebral artery
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What arises from the inferior aspect of the first part of the subclavian artery?
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Internal thoracic artery
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What is usually the second vessel to arise from the first part of the subclavian artery?
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Internal thoracic artery
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What are the three branches of the thyrocervical trunk?
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Suprascapular artery
Transverse Cervical artery Inferior Thyroid artery |
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What passes anterior to the scalenus anterior muscle and courses over the phrenic nerve, as the nerve descends along the anterior surface of this muscle?
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Suprascapular artery
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What passes anterior to the scalenus anterior muscle, courses over the phrenic nerve, superior to the suprascapular artery, courses across the posterior triangle of the neck and disappears deep to the trapezius.
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Transverse Cervical Artery
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What is the terminal branch of the thyrocervical trunk?
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Inferior Thyroid Artery
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Where does the ascending cervical artery arise from?
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The inferior thyroid artery
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What is the terminal branch of the thyrocervical trunk?
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Inferior Thyroid Artery
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What artery arises from the arch of the inferior thyroid artery as the inferior thyroid artery ascends on the anterior scalene muscle?
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The Ascending cervical artery
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Where is the second part of the subclavian artery located? and how many branches does it have?
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Posterior to the anterior scalene muscle
It has one branch: the Costocervical trunk |
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What are the two branches of the costocervical trunk when it reaches the neck of the first rib?
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It becomes the:
Highest Intercostal artery Deep cervical artery |
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Where is the third part of the subclavian artery located and what are its branches?
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The third part of the subclavian artery is located lateral to the anterior scalene muscle at the outer border of the first rib, and usually has no branches
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What primarily drains the scalp and face?
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The external jugular vein
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What vein is:
small and highly variable arises from the submental venous plexus At the root of the neck, the anterior jugular vein turns laterally, posterior to the stenocleidomastoid muscle? It drains into the external jugular vein or directly into the subclavian vein |
Anterior Jugular Vein
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What vein begins at the lateral border of the first rib and ends at the medial border of the scalneus anterior where it unites with the internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic vein.
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Subclavian Vein
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Where does the phrenic nerve descend?
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Along the anterior surface of the scalenus anterior muscel
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Does the phrenic nerve enter the thorax by passing in front o fhte subclavian artery or behind it?
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It enters the thorax by passing in front of the subclavian artery
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Where does the vagus nerve (CN X) enter the thorax?
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Anterior to subclavian artery
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What hooks around the first part of the subclavian artery on the right side and around the arch of the aorta on the left side?
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Recurrent laryngeal nerve
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At C6, what artery does the recurrent laryngeal nerve cross?
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The inferior thyroid artery
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Where does the recurrent laryngeal nerve appear to end?
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Passes beneath the lower border of the inferior constrictor muscle
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What innervates all intrinsic muscles of the larynx with the exception of the cricothyroid muscle?
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The recurrent laryngeal nerve
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True/False, the Thoracis duct at C7 couses laterally anterior to the carotid sheath and in front of the vertebral vessels.
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False, the Thoracis duct courses laterally behind the carotid sheath.
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Wher is an emergency tracheotomy performed in relation to the isthmus of the thyroid?
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Above or below.
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Which side of the body is the thoracic duct located on?
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The left side
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