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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What flap is reserved for correction of the central palate?
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Pharyngeal flap
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What muscle is used to create a pharyngeal flap?
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Levator veli palatini
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What flap is used to create a functional philtrum?
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Abbe flap
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What is the pedicle of an Abbe flap?
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Submucosal labial artery of lower lip
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When should an Abbe flap be divided?
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10 days to 4 weeks
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How big should an Abbe flap be?
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No wider than 10mm and no longer than 15mm
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Which flap is a transposition flap derived from the nasolabial crease?
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Nasolabial flap
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What is the origin of the levator veli palatini?
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Petrous portion of temporal bone and the eustachian tube
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What is the function of the levator veli palatini?
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Elevates the velum toward the posterior pharyngeal wall to close the velopharyngeal mechanism and pull the eustachian tube open
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Which muscle creates a muscular sling critical to palate functioning?
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Levator veli palatini
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A cleft lip is formed embryologically by failure of fusion of what structures?
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Medial nasal prominence and maxillary prominence
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Macrostomia results from failure of fusion of what embryologic structures?
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maxillary and mandibular prominences
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Primary cleft palate results from failure of fusion of what embryologic structures?
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Median and lateral palatine processes
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Secondary cleft palate results from failure of fusion of what embryologic structures?
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Lateral palatine processes with each other and nasal septum (medial nasal prominences)
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Describe the findings of cleft nasal deformity in a complete unilateral cleft lip
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Ala is displaced laterally, inferiorly and posteriorly.
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What embryologic structure forms the nasal alae?
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Lateral nasal process
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The medial nasal process gives rise to what structures?
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Columella, nasal tip, philtrum and premaxilla
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The bridge and root of nose arise from what embryologic structure?
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Frontonasal process
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Describe the findings in the Pierre-Robin sequence
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Micrognathia, glossoptosis and respiratory distress
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What is the cause of the respiratory distress found in the Pierre-Robin sequence?
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glossoptosis
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What is the initial management of respiratory distress in Pierre-Robin sequence?
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Prone positioning. Intubate if that is not effective
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What percentage of patients with Pierre-Robin sequence have a high arched cleft in midline of soft palate?
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50%
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What surgical procedures are useful in the secondary management of Pierre-Robin sequence?
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Tongue-lip adhesion, tracheostomy, mandibular distraction
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Unrepaired alveolar clefts result in what type of malocclusion?
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Posterior crossbite
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What is the function of the palatoglossus muscle?
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Pulls soft palate downward
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Describe the anatomic course of the palatoglossus muscle
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Arises from the lateral margin of the tongue, travels in the anterior tonsillar pillar and enters the soft palate
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Describe the anatomic course of the tensor veli palatini
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Descends from skull base adjacent to eustachian tube, courses around the hamulus of the pterygoid then forms a broad aponeurosis with the contralateral muscle within the soft palate.
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Describe the anatomic course of the superior pharyngeal constrictor
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Originates from the posterior pharyngeal raphe and courses downward and forward to insert into the medial ptergomandibular raphe and the posterior part of the hyoid
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Describe the anatomic course of the stylopharyngeus muscle
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Arises from the styloid process, inserts between the fibers of the superior and middle pharyngeal muscles in the pharyngeal wall
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What is the function of the stylopharyngeal muscles?
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They play a role in swallowing.
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Muscles involved in normal velopharyngeal closure are. . .
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Levator palatini, palatopharyngeus, superior pharyngeal constrictors and uvulus
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