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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
What is a plant's primary structural molecule?
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Cellulose (in cell walls)
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Mutualistic Symbiosis
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Occurs when both organisms benefit from the relationship that is essential for each of their survival.
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Parasitic Symbiosis
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Occurs when one organism benefits from the other and the other's detriment without killing it.
EG Virus |
Define and give an example
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Describe Alternation of Generation
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Plants life cycle that alternates between Sporophyte and Gametophyte.
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What 6 characteristics describe plants?
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1. Multicellular
2. Eukaryotic 3. Autotrophs = Photosynthetic 4. Specialized tissue and cells 5. Non-motile 6. Primary storage = starch 7. Primary structural component =cellulose |
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What is a plant's primary storage molecule?
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Starch
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What is a plants phylogenetic tree look like?
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Starts with Green Algae
Non-Vascular Seedless - liverworts, moss Vascular Seedless - ferns, whisks Vascular Seeded - Gymnosperms (conifers and Angiosperms (flowered plants/fruits) |
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Describe 3 characteristics of a seed.
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1. They are young protected embryos
2. Have food supply to travel with 3. Seed is coated for protection |
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Describe 3 characteristics of a spore.
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1. Unicellular
2. No food supply 3. Unprotected and exposed |
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What are seeds?
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Multicellular reproductive bodies with nutritive tissue enclosed in a seed coat
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What are spores?
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Minute unicellular reproductive cells that gives rise to individual offspring in plants (and certain fungi and protista)
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What is a Gametophyte?
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A haploid plant that produces gametes
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What is a sporophyte?
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Diploid plants that produce spores.
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Which generation of plants is more advanced?
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Sporophyte
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Gametophyte or Sporophyte?
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Describe the anatomy of a plant.
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1. Root System - absorb H2O and dissolve minerals
2. Rhizoid - absorbing root like for some fungus and non vascular plants 3. Shoot System - above ground parts 4. Leaf - photosynthesis 5. Cuticle - leaf's waxy coating 6. Stoma - leaf opening |
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Describe a Net Ventation pattern.
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"V" on leaves of dicots
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Pattern on leaves
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Which is the largest Algae?
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Brown Algae - Kelp
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Give an example of a mutualistic symbiotic relationship.
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E. Coli lives in our gut and supplies us with vitamin K and aids in lipid digestion. We provide it with a safety environment with plenty of nutrients.
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Which Protista is most plant like and why?
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Green Algae
1. Almost all are photosynthetic 2. Has chloroplasts 3. Has cellulose 4. Has pectin 5. Lives in fresh water |
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Describe 4 characteristics of Red Algae.
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1. Mostly marine, some fresh water
2. Have chlorphyll a and phycobilin 3. Flexible 4. Slippery |
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Describe the anatomy of brown algae.
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1. Holdfast (KW roots)
2. Stipe (KW stem) 3. Blades (KW leaves) 4. Bladder (KW floatation device) |
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What are algae?
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Photosynthetic protists
Many single-celled |
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What 3 types of Algae are there?
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Red Algae - Nori sushi wrap
Brown Algae - Seaweed Green Algae - Most plant-like |
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Describe 6 characteristics of Brown Algae.
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1. The largest algae
2. Cool or temperate marine waters 3. Most giant kelp, AKA seaweed 4. Microscopic to 20 m long 5. Photosynthetic 6. Commercial uses: icecream |
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What is extracellular digestion and what organism uses this?
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Fungi secrete digestive enzymes to break down food outside their body into molecules they can absorb.
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What are the 4 major groups of fungi?
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1. Club Fungi - mushrooms
2. Zygomycetes - black bread mold 3. Sac Fungi - yeast (single celled) 4. Imperfect Fungi - pathogenic ie Athletes foot, Candida |
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What are 4 characteristics of Fungi?
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1. Heterotrophs (Decomposers)
2. Mostly multicelled 3. Mostly saprobes: take nutrients from non-living organic matter and cause decay 4. Some parasites: take nutrients from living hosts EG Athletes foot |
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What physical characteristic does amoeboid protozoans have that make it animal like?
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Pseudopods: fake feet
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What organism is a ciliated protozoan (animal-like)?
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Paramecium: cilia and flagella for locomotion
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What is a lysogenic pathway?
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Virus lives in the host cell so that it may replicate its genes in the next generation. Host cell only dies when instructed to at a later date.
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vs. Lytic Pathway
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Which Protistas are fungi-like, plant-like and animal-like?
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Fungi = Slime mold
Plant = Green seaweed Animal = Amoeba |
Give 3 examples
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What 4 physical characteristics describe protistas?
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1. Nucleus and organelles
2. Flagella and cilia (locomotion) 3. Most are single-celled 4. Cell division by mitosis and meiosis May be multicellular, and have chloroplasts. |
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What are 2 examples of fungi-like protistas and what characteristic do they share with fungi?
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1. Slime Molds
2. Water Molds They form spores like fungi does |
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What is the lowest organism in the food chain and where is it found?
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Phytoplankton; ocean
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What are animal-like protistas called?
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Protozoans
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What 2 physical characteristics describe a protozoan?
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1. Microscopic
2. Heterotrophic |
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Which prokaryote is more similar to eukaryotes?
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Archaebacteria
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Archaebacteria or Eubacteria
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What 2 characteristics define a virus?
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1. It must have genetic material and a protein coat
2. It cannot reproduce itself (relies on host cell to reproduce) |
Structure and reproduction
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What is a bacteriophage?
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A virus, or group of viruses, that infect bacterial cells.
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How does a virus multiply?
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1. Attachment: to specific host
2. Penetration: whole virus or genetic material enters cytoplasm 3. Replication: viral RNA & DNA take over host's machinery and make viral nucleic acids, proteins and enzymes 4. Assembly: of nucleic acids, proteins and enzymes to make new viral particles 5. Release: Lytic pathway or lysogenic pathway |
5 steps
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What is a lytic pathway?
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Viral enzymes destroy the host's cell wall and viral particles escape.
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vs. Lysogenic Pathway
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What 6 physical characteristics describe bacteria?
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1. No nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
2. Only 1 chromosome (circular) 3. Usually have a cell wall 4. Reproduction by Prokaryotic Fission 5. Metabolically diverse (an/aerobic) 6. Different shapes (coccus, baccilus, sprioleum) |
List
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What are 3 Eubacteria organisms?
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Cyanobacteria - photoautotroph
Lactobaccilus - chemoenterotroph E. Coli - chemoenterotroph |
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What is a gram stain used for ?
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To test bacteria for the presence of a thick or thin layer of peptodiglycan in the cell wall.
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What kingdom do Lactobacillus belong to?
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Eubacteria
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Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, or Animalia
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What kingdom do E. Coli belong to?
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Eubacteria
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Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, or Animalia
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What kingdom do Cyanobacteria belong to?
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Eubacteria
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Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, or Animalia
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What are 3 examples of pathogenic eubacteria?
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E. Coli: if it gets in the blood stream = diarrhea, dehydration, possible death
Clostridium Botulism: botulism toxin in human body causes paralyses = suffocation, death Clostridium Tetani: tetanus toxin causes skeletal muscle spasms = suffocation, death |
Disease causing bacteria
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What structural characteristics do Archaebacteria have in addition to all bacteria?
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1. Plasma membrane
2. Ribosomes |
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What are the 2 types of prokaryotes?
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Eubacteria (true bacteria)
and Archaebacteria |
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What does pathogenic mean?
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Disease causing
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What structural characteristics do bacteria have?
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1. Plasma membrane
2. Circular DNA Some also have a cell wall and plasmids |
2 of them.
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