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68 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Hoplite
Greek warriors who fought in a phalanax formation. They were free citizens and they wee responsible for making and buying their own weapon and armor.
Herodotus
the first Historian, wrote using folktale and lure and traveled around the Medditeranean world. He wort the histories.
Pericles
"First citizen of Athens" pronounced by Thucydides. Turned Delian league into Athenian empire, led it to the Peloponnessian war (but dies in 431 due to plague) led Athens as a democracy by its "first citizen"
Darius
Son of Cambyses, conquered Thrace and some Aegan islands. Under his reign began the Persian Wars in 499 BC when Ionia rebelled. Led his army to the battle of Marathon, for revenge of the fall of Sardis, but was defeated.
Persian Empire
The entire Near East from Asia Minor, Syria, to Egypt, all the way to Pakistan was united under the Persians. Homeland was in modern Iran . Wrote in cuneiform script. Rose to power beneath King Cyrus II
Battle of Marathon
Greeks fought against 6400 Persian men, were greatly outnumbered but led by a Spartan. The Greeks won in the end, led by the Athenian general Themistocles
Barbarian
Non Greek
Trireme
Fast ships rowed by 170 men (this eventually led to democracy as any man could row)
Battle of Salamis
Turning point in the Greco-Persian War. Fought in 480 BC. Fought in a narrow path on the Isle of Salamis where Xerxes ordered his large ships to block the entrance to the straits. The smaller Greek ships, led by Themistocles, were able to attack and capture 300 ships, leading to Xerxes retreat into Asia.
Sophists
A Sophist was a specific kind of teacher in both Ancient Greece and in the Roman Empire. Many sophists specialized in using the tools of philosophy and rhetoric, though other sophists taught subjects such as music, athletics, and mathematics. In general, they claimed to teach arete ("excellence" or "virtue," applied to various subject areas), predominantly to young statesmen and nobility. The early sophists' practice of charging money for education and providing wisdom only to those who could pay led to the condemnations made by Socrates, through Plato in his Dialogues, as well as Xenophon's Memorabilia. Despite these criticisms, however, many sophists flourished in later periods, especially during the era of Roman history known as the Second Sophistic.
Solon
Solon c. 638 BC – 558 BC) was an Athenian statesman, lawmaker, and poet. He is remembered particularly for his efforts to legislate against political, economic, and moral decline in archaic Athens. His reforms failed in the short term, yet he is often credited with having laid the foundations for Athenian democracy.
Pelopomnessian War
431-404 BC, fought between Spartans and Athenian s and caused by the defecation of Corcyra to Athenian alliance. Spartans won in battle of Aegospotami and Athens fell to the 30 tyrants
Stasis
civil conflict
30 Tyrants
Brief rule, ended by 403 BC
Dialectic
Socrates method of questioning and arguing for the truth
Plato
Socrates student. Founded the Academy and wrote the Apology and Republic
SYMPOSIUM
a drinking-party, a type of entertainment well attested in ancient Greek sources for men of the leisure class
andron
Men's rooms at the symposium
Eros
not a god but a daimon, a creature intermediate between gods and mortals
Hippocrates
lived in the island of COS; wrote Hippocratic Corpus, proposed human body compromised of 4 humors
Aristotle
citizen of Stagira, studied at the Academy, but left Athens when Plato died in 348 BC- moved to Macedonian court to tutor Alexander the Great , then returned to Athens (335) and founded the Lycaeum. Ideas of science (including 4 basic aspects of existence (form, substance, origin or cause, and purpose) and investigates questions of motion and constitutions of matter.
Oratory
good source of societal values in Athens
Hybris
insult or outrage. An act of hybris embarrassed and humiliated its victim , whom could only regain his self-respect by retaliating
Athenian Citizenship
divided into 4 official property classes; but citizenship was itself a social class. Defined by birth: after 451 BC two citizen parents were required for citizenship.
Liurgies
Tax that financed the Athenian navy or the plays
The Agora
The marketplace - a open space for public use. Typically the site for public buildings including courthouses, prisons
Stoas
long colonnaded buildings
Metics
Barbarians or Greeks from other cities. Not allowed to own land and excluded from political participation. For a metic to become a citizen required a special decree from the assembly
kyrios
a guardian who looked after women (typically her father or uncle)
gynaikonites
women's quarters
Hetairai
Prostitute or companions. Could be brought to the symposium
Hellenistic
Period of Greek History after Alexander's conquests
Phillip II
King of Macedonia, began conquering to expand his kingdom. Equipped the phalanx with sarisa. Demosthenes warned of his coming. Phillip conquered them and ruled over Greece in 338 until he was assassinated in 336.
Alexander III (the Great)
20 years old when he became king, 336. destorys Thebes and takes war against Persia. Founded the city of Alexandria on the Nile Delta. Takes over Persian empire and made it all the way past Afghanistan into India until troops rebelled. Disastrous time getting back to Greece. Died in Babylon in 323 BC.
Hellenistic Kingdoms
Alexander's empire divided by his generals into 3 kingdoms. Seleucus ruled over Asia Minor, Syria, and the East (kingdom of Syria). Antigonus ruled over Macedonia and northern Greece. Ptolemy ruled over Egypt.
gymnasia
partly Atheletic facilities for the nude exercises and sports/
Stoa
Stoa n ancient Greek architecture; covered walkways or porticos, commonly for public usage. Early stoas were open at the entrance with columns, usually of the Doric order, lining the side of the building; they created a safe, enveloping, protective atmosphere.
koine
standard form of greek
Aramic
a semitic language spoken in the territories ruled by Seleucids
Syncretism
different ideas of religous cults mixing
hellenistic sculptures
represented the cities historical and political context. Ex. Eutychides' Tyche of Antioch. The city is personified as a woman wearing a crown (like a city wall) holding an ear of wheat to represent propsperity.
Portraiture
Important in hellenistic period- especialyl portraits of rulers (ex. Alexanders portraint sculpted by Lysippus).
hairesis
"choosing" of school or sects, the choice of a particular set of ideas
Epicurean sext
named after its founder, Epicurus, whom founded the "garden" at Athens in 300 BC
Stoic sect
founded by Zeno, believed in fate
Cynic Sect
Diogenes; challenged the hyposcrsy of civilian institutions
"NEW Comedy"
resembled modern comedy (stock characters and plot devices
Pastoral poetry
idealized the rural life
Histories
"enquiries". Analyzed Persian invasion. Study of time and space.
kouroi
male sculptures that served as grave markers
Doric temples
flat, sharply angled columns (found on mainland Greece)
Ionic Temples
Found in Ionia, slender columns
King Cyrus II
Ruled from 558-530 BC. Conquered Medes. Conquered Babylonia and Lydia and allowed the Jewish exiles to return home.
Red-figure pottery
ex. Apollo and Griffin
Athenian Dramatists (late Archaic Age
•Aeschylus
•Sophocles
•Euripides
"Old Comedy" A
Aristophanes
Euripedes
Wrote Medea (wife of Jason/ kills own children)
Also wrote Cyclops
Theatre of Dionysius
During Dionyses festival
involved a ritual procession to theatre/ rituals at temple performances, including
--3 days: tragedy contest:
3 tragedies +1 satyr play…… by each of 3 authors
--1 day: comedy contest: 5 separate comedies
•audience 10,000-15,000;
•apparently mix of gender and
Strategos:
10 generals elected each year
Assembly
Met once every 10 days
Boule
Athenian Council; group of 500
Parthenon
Temple of Doric style located in Athens, replaced the older parthenon that was destroyed by the persians. Ionic elements including a sculpted frieze
Panthenon
A temple dedicated to all the gods
Acropolis
is a settlement, especially a citadel, built upon an area of elevated ground—frequently a hill with precipitous sides, chosen for purposes of defense.
Temple of Nike
Showcased the battle of Plataea. Nike means victory in Greek and Athena was worshipped in this form.
Cella/Naos
inner chamber of a temple containing a cult image or statue
Kourous
Statues of youth in Greece that appeared in the Archaic age
Sculptures in Classical Greece
abandones kourous and protrayed bodies in graceful poses