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118 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
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Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)
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Achilles tendon xanthoma
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Familial hypercholesterolemia (decreased LDL receptor signaling)
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Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC
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Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)
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Anterior ñdrawer signî +
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Anterior cruciate ligament injury
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Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints
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Marfan syndrome (fibrillin defect)
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Athlete with polycythemia
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Secondary to erythropoietin injection
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Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss
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Pott disease (vertebral TB)
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Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
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Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)
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Blue sclera
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Osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen defect)
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Bluish line on gingiva
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Burton line (lead poisoning)
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Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
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Paget disease of bone (increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
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Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing
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Aortic regurgitation
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ñButterflyî facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young female
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Systemic lupus erythematosus
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Cafe_-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma)
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Neurofibromatosis type I (+ pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas)
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Cafe_-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities
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McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)
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Calf pseudohypertrophy
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Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne): X-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene
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ñCherry-red spotsî on macula
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Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion
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Chest pain on exertion
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Angina (stable: with moderate exertion; unstable: with minimal exertion)
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Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI
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Dressler syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1_12 weeks after acute episode)
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Child uses arms to stand up from squat
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Gowers sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy)
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Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body
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"Slapped cheeks" (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19)
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Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
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Huntington disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)
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Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria
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McArdle disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)
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Cold intolerance
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Hypothyroidism
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Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
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Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral [multiple sclerosis], unilateral [stroke])
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Continuous ñmachine-likeî heart murmur
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PDA (close with indomethacin; open or maintain with misoprostol)
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Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition
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Myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves disease [pretibial])
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Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS
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Kaposi sarcoma, associated with HHV-8
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Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
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Kussmaul respirations (diabetic ketoacidosis)
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Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
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Pellagra (niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency)
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Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition
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Wet beriberi (thiamine [vitamin B1] deficiency)
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Dog or cat bite resulting in infection
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Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site)
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Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
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Sjogren syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)
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Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia
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Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)
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Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints
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Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type III collagen defect)
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Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
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Virchow node (abdominal metastasis)
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Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
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Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or Sezary syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood)
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Facial muscle spasm upon tapping
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Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia)
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Fat, female, forty, and fertile
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Cholelithiasis (gallstones)
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Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis
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Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)
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Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
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Measles
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Fever, night sweats, weight loss
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B symptoms (staging) of lymphoma
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Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
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Peyronie disease (connective tissue disorder)
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Gout, intellectual disability, self-mutilating behavior in a boy
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Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive)
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Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea
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Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson disease)
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Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands
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Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; increased cancer risk, mainly GI)
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Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms
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Gaucher disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
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Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
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Alport syndrome (mutation in collagen IV)
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Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
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Klu_ver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion) hyperdocility
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Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present
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UMN damage
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Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations
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LMN damage
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Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
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"Blue bloater" (chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells)
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Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
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Nonpainful: chancre (Primary syphilis, Treponema pallidum) Painful, with exudate: chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
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Infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia
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Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)
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Infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, and neurodegeneration
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Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)
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Infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly
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Cori disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) or Von Gierke disease (glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, more severe)
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Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defect
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Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)
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Jaundice, palpable distended non-tender gallbladder
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Courvoisier sign (distal obstruction of biliary tree)
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Large rash with bullÍs-eye appearance
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Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia)
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Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
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Epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture)
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Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells
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Bruton disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
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Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
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Glanzmann thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)
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Muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension
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Beck triad of cardiac tamponade
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Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/ supernumerary teeth
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Gardner syndrome (subtype of FAP)
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Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance
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Pompe disease (lysosomal alpha-1,4-glucosidase deficiency)
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Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth
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Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5-C6] brachial plexus injury: "waiter's tip")
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No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
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Sheehan syndrome (pituitary infarction)
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Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia
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Multiple sclerosis
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Oscillating slow/fast breathing
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Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF or increased intracranial pressure)
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Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia
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Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis)
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Painful, pale, cold fingers/toes
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Raynaud phenomenon (vasospasm in extremities)
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Painful, raised red lesions on pad of fingers/toes
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Osler nodes (infective endocarditis, immune complex deposition)
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Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles
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Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis, septic emboli/ microabscesses)
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Painless jaundice
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Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
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Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child), hematuria
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Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)
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Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors
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MEN 1 (autosomal dominant)
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Periorbital and/or peripheral edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia
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Nephrotic syndrome
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Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation
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"Pink puffer" (emphysema: centriacinar [smoking], panacinar [alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency])
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Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets
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Fanconi syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect)
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Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques (6 PÍs)
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Lichen planus
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Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
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Horner syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)
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Pupil accommodates but doesnÍt react
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Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)
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Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends following GI/ upper respiratory infection
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Guillain-Barre_ syndrome (acute autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)
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Rash on palms and soles
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Coxsackie A, Secondary syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever
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Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE
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Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)
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Red "currant jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients
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Klebsiella pneumoniae
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Red "currant jelly" stools
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Acute mesenteric ischemia (adults), intussusception (infants)
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Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
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Paget disease of the breast (sign of underlying neoplasm)
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Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs
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Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
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Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma
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von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)
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Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability
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Parkinson disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)
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Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
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Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis)
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Severe jaundice in neonate
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Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
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Severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ
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Rovsing sign (acute appendicitis)
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Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
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McBurney sign (acute appendicitis)
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Short stature, increased incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
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Fanconi anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often progresses to AML)
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Single palmar crease
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Down syndrome
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Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility
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Kartagener syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)
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Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue
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Addison disease (Primary adrenocortical insufficiency causes increased ACTH and increased alpha-MSH production)
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Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys
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Becker muscular dystrophy (X-linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne)
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Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers
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Koplik spots (measles; rubeola virus)
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Smooth, flat, moist, painless white lesions on genitals
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Condylomata lata (Secondary syphilis)
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Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
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Bacterial endocarditis
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"Strawberry tongue"
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Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome
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Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema
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Turner syndrome (45,XO)
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Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
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Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)
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Swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, petechiae
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Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)
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Swollen, hard, painful finger joints
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Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard nodes], DIP [Heberden nodes])
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Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
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Aortic valve stenosis
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Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma
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MEN 2A (autosomal dominant ret mutation)
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Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis
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MEN 2B (autosomal dominant ret mutation)
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Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
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Babinski sign (UMN lesion)
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Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead
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Facial nerve (LMN CN VII palsy)
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Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male
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Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27
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Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain)
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Hemangioma (benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome)
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Vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations
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Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients)
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Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
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Whipple disease (Tropheryma whipplei)
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"Worst headache of my life"
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage
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