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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anticentromere antibodies
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Scleroderma (CREST)
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Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
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Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
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Anti-GBM antibodies
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Goodpasture's (glomerulonephritis & lung hemorrhage/hemoptysis)
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Antihistone antibodies
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Drug-induce SLE
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Anti-IgG antibodies
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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What is rheumatiod factor made of?
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IgM antibodies against the IgG
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Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
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Primary biliary cirrhosis (cholestasis, portal HTN)
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Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
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Vasculitis (Wegener's, microscopic polyangiitis)
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c-ANCA
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Wegener's
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p-ANCA (2 diseases)
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Microscopic palyangiitis, Pauci-immune Crescentic Glomerulonephritis
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ANA's (anti-Smith) and anti-dsDNA
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SLE (Type III hypersensitivity), Sjogrens, Scleroderma, Polymyocitis, Dermatomyositis, RA, Juvi-RA, Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
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Antiplatelet antibodies
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Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) (bleeding diathesis)
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Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
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Diffuse systemic scleroderma (NOT seen w CREST scleroderma)
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Anti-transglutaminase/antigliadin antibodies/anti-endomysial antibodies
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Celiac disease
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Name and cause of Azurophilic granular needles in luekemic blasts
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Auer rods (AML, promyelocytic type)
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"Bamboo spine" on x-ray
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Ankylosing spondylitis (almost pathognomonic for this!)
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HLA type in ankylosing spondylitis
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HLA-B27
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Name and cause of basophilic nuclear remnants in RBC's
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Howell-Jolly bodies (removed/nonfuncitonal spleen) (asplenic pts should be vaccinated against encapulated organisms)
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Basophilic stippling of RBC's
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Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
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Bloody tap on lumbar puncture
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage (only if ALL the vials are bloody; if only the first few, then it was traumatic tap)
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"Boot shaped" heart
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Right ventricular hypertrophy and/or tetralogy
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Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules
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Actinomyces israelii ("Israel has yellow sand")
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Bronchogenic apical lung tumor
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Pancoast's tumor
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Lung tumor causing Horner's
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Pancoast's tumor
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Reason for color and two dx's for "brown" tumor of bone
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Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) in osteolytic cysts. Can be hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease)
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Cardiomegaly + apical atrophy
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Chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi) (also causes mega-esophagus & mega-colon...3 MEGAs)
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Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsure
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Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
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Chocolate cyst of ovary. Cause and likely unilateral or B/L?
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Endometriosis - B/L
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Name and dx for circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
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Homer Wright rosesttes (or "pseudorosettes") - (adrenal)neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, Ewing sarcoma
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Likely disease underlying pseudomonas in lungs
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Cystic Fibrosis
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Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
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Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphylis) (gait ataxia & (+) Rhomberg)
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Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
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Parkinson's
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Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
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Curschmann's spiral - bronchial asthma, can result in whorled mucous plugs
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Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
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Call-Exner bodies - granulosa-theca cell tumor
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Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
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Owl's-eye appearance of CMV
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Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
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"Orphan Annie eye"- Papillary thyroid carcinoma (aka "dispersed chromatin, optically clear nuclei, empty nuclei")
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Eosinphilic cytoplasmic inclusions/globules in liver cells
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Mallory bodies- alcoholic liver disease
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Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
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Lewy body - Parkinson's & Lewy Body Dementia
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Eosinophilic globule in liver
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Councilman body - viral hepatitis (often yellow fever)
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Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
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Negri Bodies - Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)
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Name of Rabies virus
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Lyssavirus
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Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter
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Senile Plaque - Alzheimers
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Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei and prominent inclusions (owl's eye)
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Reed-sternberg cells - Hodkin's
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Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
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Schiller-Duval bodies - Yolk sac tumor (looks "tangled")
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Hair on end/Crew-cut appearance on x-ray
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Extramedullary hematopoiesis (Beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia)
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Serum marker highly elevated in choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole
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hCG
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Inflammatory heart nodules
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Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
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Heterophile antibodies
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Infectious mononucleosis by EBV
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Cause of heterophile (-) mononucleosis
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CMV
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High level of D-dimers (fibrin degradation products)
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DVT, PE, DIC
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Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretion
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Charcot-Leyden crystals (eosinophilic granules) - Asthma
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Honeycomb lung on x-ray
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Interstitial fibrosis
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Hypersegmented neutrophils
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Megaloblastic anemia
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Three dx's for hypochromic, microcytic anemia
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Iron deficiency, lead poisoning, thalassemia
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Increased AFP in amniotic fluid or maternal serum
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Neural tube defect or abdominal wall defect (omphalocele, gastroschisis)
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Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
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Cowdry type A bodies - HSV or CMV
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Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum, stain w Prussian blue
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Ferruginous bodies - asbestosis
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Cancer with asbestosis
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Mesothelioma & bronchogenic carcinoma
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Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes + immunocompromised
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Chediak-Higashi disease (failure of phagolysosome formation)
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Low serum ceruloplasmin
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Wilson's disease
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Lumpy-bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunoflorescence
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Immune complex deposition (i.e. poststreptococcal) (deposition of IgG & C3b)
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Lytic, "hole punched" bone lesion on x-ray
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Multiple myeloma
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Mammary gland ("blue-domed") cyst
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Fibrocystic change of breast
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4 dx's for monoclonal antibody spike
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Multiple myeloma, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, Primary amyloidosis
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Antibody usually elevated with multiple myeloma
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IgG or IgA
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Antibody usually elevated with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
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IgM
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Monoclonal globuline protein in blood/urine
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Bence Jones protein (multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine]), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM))
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Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
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Signet ring (gastric carcinoma, Lobular carcinoma in situ of breast)
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Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph
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String sign: Chron's
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Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
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Gout
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Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
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Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules: diabetic neprhopathy
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"Nutmeg" appearance of liver
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Chronic passive congestion of liver, usually due to right heart failure (w JVD), also Budd-Chiari Syndr (hepatic vein obstr., no JVD)
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Onion-skin periosteal reaction
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Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
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Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area (3 dx's)
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Codman's triangle - osteosarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis
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Podocyte fusion on EM
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Minimal change disease
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Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
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Eburnation (osteoarthritis --> sclerosis)
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Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
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Neurofibrially tangles (Alzheimers, CJD)
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Pseudopalisade tumor cell arangement
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Glioblastoma multiforme (the most common primary brain tumor in adults)
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RBC casts in urine
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Acute glomerulonephritis
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Rectangular, crystal-like inclusions in Leydig cells
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Reinke crystals - Leydig cell tumor
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Renal epithelial casts in urine
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Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
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Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
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Pseudogout (tx: colchicine or NSAIDs)
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Crystal composition in pseudogout
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Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate
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Rib notching
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Coarcation of aorta
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Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells, "starry sky"
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Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation)
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Virus with Burkitt's
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EBV
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Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau protein in neuron's
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Pick's disease (Pick bodies)
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Small, peripheral lesion in middle or lower lungs (+/- calcification), hilar lymphadenopathy
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Ghon focus (primary TB)
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Small, round RBC inclusions (& 3 dx's)
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Heinz bodies - G6PD deficiency, alpha-thalassemia, chronic liver disease
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Soap buble on x-ray
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Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
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Spikes on basement membrane + dome-like endothelial deposits
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Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
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Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
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Clue cells - Gardnerella
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Tennis-racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
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Birbeck granules - Histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)
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Thrombi made of white/red layers
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Lines of Zahn - arterial thrombosis (layers are platelets/RBC's)
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Thumb sign on lateral x-ray
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Epiglottitis (H. Influenza)
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Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
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Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis (tubules become dilated & fillied w colloid-like material)
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Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
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Hepatic steatosis/Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome -> NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis)
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Tram-track appearance on LM
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Membranoprliferative glomerulonephritis
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WBC's that look "smudged"
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CLL (WBCs are fragile & burst during slide prep)
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Wire loop glomerular appearance
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Lupus nephropathy
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Yellow CSF
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Xanthochromia - subarachnoid hemorrhage
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