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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Respiratory Distress Syndrom (RDS) |
a condition caused by insufficient surfactant in the lungs. occurs most frequently in preterm infants. also occurs when there has been asphyxia, cesarean delivery, multiple births,cold stress, maternal DM, because they interfere with surfactant production. |
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Pathophysiology of RDS |
caused by insufficient production of surfactant, a phosphoipid that lines the alveoli. Sufficient surfactant is usually produced beginning at 34-36 weeks of gestation. it decreases surface tension to allow the alveoli to remain open when air is exhaled. too little surfactant, alveoli collapse on exhalation. lungs become noncompliant or "stiff" and resist expansion, resulting in retractions. |
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Pathophysiology of RDS Continued... |
as fewer alveoli expand, atelectasis (collapse lung), hypoxia, and hypercapnea (increase carbon dioxide) occur. this causes vasoconstriction and decreased blood flow to the lungs, and persistent pulmonary hypertension can result. |
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Determining Fetal Lung Maturity |
amniotic fluid is examined for the components of surfactant: -lecithin -sphingomyelin -phosphatidylglyceroal -phosphatidylinositol incidence & severity of RDS may be reduced by giving mother corticosteroids before birth of an infant less than 32 weeks gestation. |
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Manifestations of RDS |
signs of RDS begin during the first hours after birth and include: -tachypnea -nasal flaring -retractions -cyanosis -grunting on expiration -decreased breath sounds and rales |
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Therapeutic Management of RDS |
Surfactant replacement therapy instilled into trachea immediately after birth or as soon as symptoms become apparent. Supportive treatment includes, oxygen, CPAP or mechanical ventilation, nitric oxide therapy to correct acidosis, IV fluids, and maintenance of thermoregulation. |
