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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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argument
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A data item specified in a method call. An argument can be a literal value, a variable, or an expression.
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array
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A collection of data items, all of the same type, in which each item's position is uniquely designated by an integer.
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ASCII
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American Standard Code for Information Interchange. A standard assignment of 7-bit numeric codes to characters. See also Unicode.
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bit
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The smallest unit of information in a computer, with a value of either 0 or 1.
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block
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In the Java programming language, any code between matching braces. Example: { x = 1; }.
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boolean
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Refers to an expression or variable that can have only a true or false value. The Java programming language provides the boolean type and the literal values true and false.
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break
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A Java keyword used to resume program execution at the statement immediately following the current statement. If followed by a label, the program resumes execution at the labeled statement.
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byte
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A sequence of eight bits. Java provides a corresponding byte type.
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bytecode
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Machine-independent code generated by the Java compiler and executed by the Java interpreter.
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case
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A Java keyword that defines a group of statements to begin executing if a value specified matches the value defined by a preceding switch keyword.
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char
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A Java keyword used to declare a variable of type character.
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class
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In the Java programming language, a type that defines the implementation of a particular kind of object. A class definition defines instance and class variables and methods, as well as specifying the interfaces the class implements and the immediate superclass of the class. If the superclass is not explicitly specified, the superclass will implicitly be Object.
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class method
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A method that is invoked without reference to a particular object. Class methods affect the class as a whole, not a particular instance of the class. Also called a static method. See also instance method.
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class variable
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A data item associated with a particular class as a whole--not with particular instances of the class. Class variables are defined in class definitions. Also called a static field. See also instance variable.
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classpath
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An environmental variable which tells the Java virtual machine1 and Java technology-based applications where to find the class libraries, including user-defined class libraries.
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comment
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In a program, explanatory text that is ignored by the compiler. In programs written in the Java programming language, comments are delimited using // or /*...*/.
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commit
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The point in a transaction when all updates to any resources involved in the transaction are made permanent.
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compiler
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A program to translate source code into code to be executed by a computer. The Java compiler translates source code written in the Java programming language into bytecode for the Java virtual machine1. See also interpreter.
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constructor
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A pseudo-method that creates an object. In the Java programming language, constructors are instance methods with the same name as their class. Constructors are invoked using the new keyword.
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core class
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A public class (or interface) that is a standard member of the Java Platform. The intent is that the core classes for the Java platform, at minimum, are available on all operating systems where the Java platform runs. A program written entirely in the Java programming language relies only on core classes, meaning it can run anywhere..
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core packages
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The required set of APIs in a Java platform edition which must be supported in any and all compatible implementations.
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deprecation
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Refers to a class, interface, constructor, method or field that is no longer recommended, and may cease to exist in a future version.
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do
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A Java keyword used to declare a loop that will iterate a block of statements. The loop's exit condition can be specified with the while keyword.
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double
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A Java keyword used to define a variable of type double.
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else
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A Java keyword used to execute a block of statements in the case that the test condition with the if keyword evaluates to false.
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encapsulation
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The localization of knowledge within a module. Because objects encapsulate data and implementation, the user of an object can view the object as a black box that provides services. Instance variables and methods can be added, deleted, or changed, but as long as the services provided by the object remain the same, code that uses the object can continue to use it without being rewritten. See also instance variable, instance method.
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extends
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Class X extends class Y to add functionality, either by adding fields or methods to class Y, or by overriding methods of class Y. An interface extends another interface by adding methods. Class X is said to be a subclass of class Y. See also derived from.
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field
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A data member of a class. Unless specified otherwise, a field is not static.
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final
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A Java keyword. You define an entity once and cannot change it or derive from it later. More specifically: a final class cannot be subclassed, a final method cannot be overridden and a final variable cannot change from its initialized value.
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float
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A Java keyword used to define a floating point number variable.
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for
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A Java keyword used to declare a loop that reiterates statements. The programmer can specify the statements to be executed, exit conditions, and initialization variables for the loop.
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formal parameter list
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The parameters specified in the definition of a particular method. See also actual parameter list.
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FTP
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File Transfer Protocol. FTP, which is based on TCP/IP, enables the fetching and storing of files between hosts on the Internet. See also TCP/IP.
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generic
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A class, interface, or method that declares one or more type variables. These type variables are known as type parameters. A generic declaration defines a set of parameterized types, one for each possible invocation of the type parameter section. At runtime, all of these parameterized types share the same class, interface, or method.
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hexadecimal
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The numbering system that uses 16 as its base. The marks 0-9 and a-f (or equivalently A-F) represent the digits 0 through 15. In programs written in the Java programming language, hexadecimal numbers must be preceded with 0x. See also octal.
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identifier
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The name of an item in a program written in the Java programming language.
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if
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A Java keyword used to conduct a conditional test and execute a block of statements if the test evaluates to true.
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implements
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A Java keyword included in the class declaration to specify any interfaces that are implemented by the current class.
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import
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A Java keyword used at the beginning of a source file that can specify classes or entire packages to be referred to later without including their package names in the reference.
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inheritance
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The concept of classes automatically containing the variables and methods defined in their supertypes. See also superclass, subclass.
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instance
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An object of a particular class. In programs written in the Java programming language, an instance of a class is created using the new operator followed by the class name.
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instance method
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Any method that is invoked with respect to an instance of a class. Also called simply a method. See also class method.
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instance variable
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Any item of data that is associated with a particular object. Each instance of a class has its own copy of the instance variables defined in the class. Also called a field. See also class variable.
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int
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A Java keyword used to define a variable of type integer.
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interpreter
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A module that alternately decodes and executes every statement in some body of code. The Java interpreter decodes and executes bytecode for the Java virtual machine1. See also compiler, runtime system.
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Java
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Sun's trademark for a set of technologies for creating and safely running software programs in both stand-alone and networked environments.
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Java Development Kit (JDK)
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A software development environment for writing applets and applications in the Java programming language. Technically, the JDK is the correct name for all versions of the Java platform from 1.0 to 1.1.x.
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Java Platform
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Consists of class libraries, a Java virtual machine (JVM) and class loader (which comprise the runtime environment) and a compiler, debugger and other tools (which comprise the development kit).In addition, the runtime platform is subject to a set of compatibility requirements to ensure consistent and compatible implementations. Implementations that meet the compatibility requirements may qualify for Sun's targeted compatibility brands.Java 2 is the current generation of the Java Platform.
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Java Runtime Environment (JRE)
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A subset of the Java Development Kit (JDK) for end-users and developers who want to redistribute the runtime environment alone. The Java runtime environment consists of the Java virtual machine1, the Java core classes, and supporting files.
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JDK
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Java Development Kit. A software development environment for writing applets and application in Java .
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Just-in-time (JIT) Compiler
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A compiler that converts all of the bytecode into native machine code just as a Java program is run. This results in run-time speed improvements over code that is interpreted by a Java virtual machine.
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JVM
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See Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
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keyword
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Java sets aside words as keywords - these words are reserved by the language itself and therefore are not available as names for variables or methods.
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literal
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The basic representation of any integer, floating point, or character value. For example, 3.0 is a double-precision floating point literal, and "a" is a character literal.
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local variable
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A data item known within a block, but inaccessible to code outside the block. For example, any variable defined within a method is a local variable and can't be used outside the method.
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long
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A Java keyword used to define a variable of type long.
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member
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A field or method of a class. Unless specified otherwise, a member is not static.
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method
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A function defined in a class. See also instance method, class method. Unless specified otherwise, a method is not static.
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multithreaded
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Describes a program that is designed to have parts of its code execute concurrently. See also thread.
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new
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A Java keyword used to create an instance of a class.
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null
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The null type has one value, the null reference, represented by the literal null, which is formed from ASCII characters. A null literal is always of the null type.
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object
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The principal building blocks of object-oriented programs. Each object is a programming unit consisting of data (instance variables) and functionality (instance methods). See also class.
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object-oriented design
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A software design method that models the characteristics of abstract or real objects using classes and objects.
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overloading
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Using one identifier to refer to multiple items in the same scope. In the Java programming language, you can overload methods but not variables or operators.
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overriding
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Providing a different implementation of a method in a subclass of the class that originally defined the method.
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package
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A group of types. Packages are declared with the package keyword.
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primitive type
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A variable data type in which the variable's value is of the appropriate size and format for its type: a number, a character, or a boolean value.
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private
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A Java keyword used in a method or variable declaration. It signifies that the method or variable can only be accessed by other elements of its class.
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protected
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A Java keyword used in a method or variable declaration. It signifies that the method or variable can only be accessed by elements residing in its class, subclasses, or classes in the same package.
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public
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A Java keyword used in a method or variable declaration. It signifies that the method or variable can be accessed by elements residing in other classes.
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return
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A Java keyword used to finish the execution of a method. It can be followed by a value required by the method definition.
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scope
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A characteristic of an identifier that determines where the identifier can be used. Most identifiers in the Java programming environment have either class or local scope. Instance and class variables and methods have class scope; they can be used outside the class and its subclasses only by prefixing them with an instance of the class or (for class variables and methods) with the class name. All other variables are declared within methods and have local scope; they can be used only within the enclosing block.
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short
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A Java keyword used to define a variable of type short.
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single precision
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In the Java language specification, describes a floating point number with 32 bits of data. See also double precision.
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static
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A Java keyword used to define a variable as a class variable. Classes maintain one copy of class variables regardless of how many instances exist of that class. static can also be used to define a method as a class method. Class methods are invoked by the class instead of a specific instance, and can only operate on class variables.
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static field
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Another name for class variable.
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static method
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Another name for class method.
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switch
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A Java keyword used to evaluate a variable that can later be matched with a value specified by the case keyword in order to execute a group of statements.
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thread
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The basic unit of program execution. A process can have several threads running concurrently, each performing a different job, such as waiting for events or performing a time-consuming job that the program doesn't need to complete before going on. When a thread has finished its job, the thread is suspended or destroyed. See also process.
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type
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A class or interface.
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Unicode
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A 16-bit character set defined by ISO 10646. See also ASCII. All source code in the Java programming environment is written in Unicode.
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variable
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An item of data named by an identifier. Each variable has a type, such as int or Object, and a scope. See also class variable, instance variable, local variable.
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virtual machine
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An abstract specification for a computing device that can be implemented in different ways, in software or hardware. You compile to the instruction set of a virtual machine much like you'd compile to the instruction set of a microprocessor. The Java virtual machine consists of a bytecode instruction set, a set of registers, a stack, a garbage-collected heap, and an area for storing methods.
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void
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A Java keyword used in method declarations to specify that the method does not return any value. void can also be used as a nonfunctional statement.
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while
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A Java keyword used to declare a loop that iterates a block of statements. The loop's exit condition is specified as part of the while statement.
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