Cla232 Midterm #2

Front 1

Antigone

Back 1

Antigone - Sophocles.

Daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta. Determined to honour her brother Polynices, who Creon has refused burial rights. Creon has her killed for burying her brother.

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Ismene

Back 2

Antigone - Sophocles.

Sister of Antigone.

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Creon

Back 3

Antigone - Sophocles.

King of Thebes, uncle of Antigone and Ismene, brother of Jocasta. Takes the throne when Oedipus' sons kill themselves.

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Haemon

Back 4

Antigone - Sophocles.

Son of Creon and Eurydice, betrothed to Antigone. Kills himself when Antigone is executed.

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Tiresias

Back 5

Antigone - Sophocles.

A blind prophet. Tells Oedipus that he killed his father.

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Eurydice

Back 6

Antigone - Sophocles.

Wife of Creon.

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Medea

Back 7

Medea - Euripides.

Princess of Colchis, wife of Jason.

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Creon

Back 8

Medea - Euripides.

King of Corinth.

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Jason

Back 9

Medea - Euripides.

Son of Aeson, king of Iolchus.

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Aegeus

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Medea - Euripides.

King of Athens.

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Lysistrata

Back 11

Lysistrata - Aristophanes.

An Athenian woman, convinces Greek women to withhold sex from their husbands and occupy Acropolis in order to end the Peloponnesian War.

Front 12

Calonice

Back 12

Lysistrata - Aristophanes.

An Athenian wife, neighbour of Lysistrata.

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Myrrhine

Back 13

Lysistrata - Aristophanes.

An Athenian wife, wife of Rod.

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Lampito

Back 14

Lysistrata - Aristophanes.

A Spartan woman.

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Magistrate

Back 15

Lysistrata - Aristophanes.

An Athenian bureaucrat.

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Rod

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Lysistrata - Aristophanes.

Husband of Myrrhine.

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Pericles

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A statesman repeatedly elected as a strategoi. Had power over the ecclesia. Athenian citizens needed 2 Athenian parents. Champion of democracy.

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Xerxes

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King of Persia. Downfall - hybris. The crossing of Hellespont.

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Persians

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Tragedy written by Aeschylus. Written by a Greek from a Persian perspective.

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Aeschylus

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Fought in the battle of Marathon, wrote Persians, our first surviving tragedy.

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Hybris

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Excessive pride toward or defiance of the gods, leading to nemesis.

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Golden Age of Athens

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Occurred within the Classical Age. Ends after Athens is defeated in the Peloponnesian War. Themes of justice/natural law/order within the art.

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Classical Age

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A cultural flourishing. Production of ideas, literature, art, and buildings that became classics.

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Theoric Fund

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A fund to reimburse poorer citizens to allow them to participate in festivals. "The glue of democracy."

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Boule

Back 25

Chosen by lot.

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Strategia

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Hold power only through the esteem they held. Title means general, statesmen/generals.

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Liturgies

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Public offices, one type theatrical productions, with a chorus, costumes, etc. The wealthy funded these. Poor benefit from generosity of the rich.

Front 28

Simonides

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Lyrical poet. "Poet laureate" of the Persian Wars. Invented letters of the Greek alphabet. Invented mnemotechnics (the technique of learning how to memorize).

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Epinician Poetry

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Songs about victory.

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Pindar of Thebes

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Most famous Epinician poet. Athletes would go to him to have him write songs of their victories. Poetry gave the writer and the subject immortality. Alexander the Great spares his house when he sacks Thebes.

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Doric

Back 31

Architecture type, more simple.

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Ionic

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Architecture type, more elaborate. Seen on the temple of Athena Nike.

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Hellenic League

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An alliance, formed in 477 BCE. Poleis united against Persians.

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Delian League

Back 34

Created by Sparta in opposition of Hellenic League. Became tyrannical. Unallied poleis were forced to join.

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Helots

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Hereditary slaves

Front 36

Endogamy

Back 36

Marry within ones community; an inside marriage.

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Athen's Long Walls

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Built from city to port city. Impenetrable, immune to siege.

Front 38

Thucydides

Back 38

Father of "scientific history." Recounts the Peloponnesian War.

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Sicilian Expedition

Back 39

415 BCE. In the middle of the war, Athens sent an expedition in hopes of renewing exhausted resources. Stone herms (hermes, dicks) were defaced that night - seen as bad luck. The entire mission either surrendered or were destroyed by Sparta.

Front 40

Alcibiades

Back 40

450 - 404 BCE. Statesman, orator, and general. Changed political allegiance several times during the Peloponnesian War. Was the leader of the Sicilian Expedition, until called back for a trial. Fled to Sparta, made enemies there, deflected to Persia. Returned to Athens, exiled a second time.

Front 41

Battle of Aegospotami

Back 41

405 BCE, last major battle of the Peloponnesian War. A Spartan fleet under Lysander destroyed the Athenian navy. Starved Athens.

Front 42

Thirty Tyrants

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A Pro-Spartan oligarchy installed after PW. Infamously violent, put people to death, encouraged stealing. Killed 15,000 citizens in a few months. Athenians sought refuge in Thebes.

Front 43

Critias

Back 43

Most famous of the Thirty Tyrants. Killed after democracy is reinstated.

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Macedon

Back 44

Considered Barbarians by Greeks.

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Hetairoi

Back 45

Macedonian nobles that formed a bodyguard for the King. Also a threat to his position.

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Phillip II

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King of Macedonia, created the Macedonian Phalanx. Took over Greece.

Front 47

Sarissa

Back 47

18 ft pike, a part of the Macedonian Phalanx.

Front 48

Phillipics

Back 48

Demosthenes argues in a famous set of speeches that Athenians should prepare for war & build their navy.

Front 49

Battle of Chaperone

Back 49

338 BCE. End of Greek resistance and independence.

Front 50

Alexander the Great

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Becomes king in 336 BCE. Educated by Aristotle. Claimed Achilles was his ancestor. Received in Egypt as the son of Zeus/Ammon. Died in 323 BCE of an illness.

Front 51

Hephaestion

Back 51

Best friend of Alexander the Great. AtG builds a huge funeral monument for him at Babylon when he dies in 324 BCE.

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Oecumene

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The inhabited world, engaged with Greek culture.

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Ptolemies

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Line of Macedonian kings ruling in Egypt. Made Alexandria into an intellectual capital.

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Theocritus

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Creator of bucolic poetry (set in countryside, dialogues between herdsmen).

Front 55

Hellenistic Period

Back 55

Belief that they will never be as great as the old authors (Homer, Aeschylus, Herodotus, etc.) - seek to emulate, not imitate. Novelty through inventing genres.

Front 56

Argonautica of Apollonius Rhodius

Back 56

Before Trojan War, but written after Iliad. Shorter than a normal epic, but far more dense/learned - characteristic of Hellenistic period.

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Island of Lemnos

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Women lax in worship, goddess makes them stink. The men leave to find more women, when they return their wives murder them. Argonauts impregnate them, Jason takes Hypsipyle.

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Parthenos

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Virgin

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Gyne

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Woman

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Nymphe

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New wife

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Epithalamia

Back 61

A song or a poem celebrating a wedding.

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Epikleros

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The woman is the last in her family line, must marry her closest male kin, starting with paternal uncle. Must have sex at least 3 times a month.

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Oikonomia

Back 63

Of the home. Men worked outside of the home, women worked within.

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Hippocrates

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Created a school that produced over 100 medical texts. Female sexuality of interest (abortion by jumping, prescribed marriage for pre-menstrual girls).

Front 65

Pornai

Back 65

Prostitute from the slave class, owned by pimps. Could be a dancing girl for parties, or used for sexual gratification.

Front 66

Hetairai

Back 66

High class prostitute. Commanded high prices, non-citizens either pimped or owned themselves. Only females invited to symposiums.

Front 67

Aspasia

Back 67

Hetairai companion of Pericles. Died in 429 BCE, valued for her wisdom. Sophocles often visited her with students.

Front 68

Archilochus

Back 68

Greek lyric poet. Wrote Iambic poetry. A proud shield dropper, used erotic content and was crude.

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Neobule

Back 69

Once engaged to Archilochus, a subject of his poetry.

Front 70

Anacreon

Back 70

Greek lyric poet. From Ionia, escaped Persian siege. Notable for drinking songs and hymns.

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Hermesinax

Back 71

Greek lyric poet. Focuses on the loves of the poets.

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Asclepiades

Back 72

Greek lyric poet. The earliest and most important of the convivial and erotic epigrammists.

Front 73

Pederasty

Back 73

Boy love. Ancient Greek custom of erotic relationships between an adult man and a boy. An important aspect of Greek identity.

Front 74

Erastes

Back 74

The lover, a man.

Front 75

Eromenos

Back 75

The loved one, a boy. Explicitly passive.

Front 76

Callimachus

Back 76

Greek lyric poet.

Front 77

Intercrural sex

Back 77

Erastes places his penis between the thighs of the eromenos.

Front 78

Sappho

Back 78

Only surviving female poet. Called the tenth muse. Lesbian aristocrat. Her only complete poem is the Hymn to Aphrodite. Wrote some wedding songs.

Front 79

Agon(es)

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Contest(s)

Front 80

Androphilia

Back 80

Athletics celebrating and appreciating the male form.

Front 81

Gymnasium

Back 81

Literally means the naked place.

Front 82

Phoenix

Back 82

Has been with Achilles since he was a child. The judge at the chariot race of Patroclus' funeral games.

Front 83

Antilochus

Back 83

Beats Menelaus in the chariot race of Patroclus' funeral out of skill.

Front 84

Olympics

Back 84

Founded in 700 BCE. Performed in honour of Zeus, considered Panhellenic.

Front 85

Gymnikoi agones

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Naked games (foot racing, boxing, wrestling, etc)

Front 86

Hippokoi agones

Back 86

Chariot races

Front 87

Pentathalon

Back 87

Five separate events, victory meant winning every category. Discus, javelin, broad jump, running, and wrestling.

Front 88

Penkration

Back 88

Blend of boxing and wrestling

Front 89

Hippic events

Back 89

Wealthy families show off their status, horses are the victors (not the jockeys).

Front 90

Isthmia games

Back 90

Dedicated to Poseidon

Front 91

Nemea games

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Dedicated to Zeus

Front 92

Circuit of Sacred Crown Games

Back 92

Olympic (Zeus), Pythian (Apollo), Isthmian (Poseidon), Nemean (Zeus) games.

Front 93

Chrematic games

Back 93

Rather than winning a symbolic wreath, the athletes would win actual objects of great wealth/status.

Front 94

Panathenaic games

Back 94

Competitions were extremely diverse, from male beauty to how fast you can dismount a chariot. Focus on community and pursuit of excellence/virtue.

Front 95

Komiasts

Back 95

Revellers participating in drunken song. Dancing scenes often depicted in mythological context.

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Ecstasis

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Suspension of societal role, outsideness. Created an ecstatic experience. Equality.

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Sparagamos

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Tearing apart wild animals/humans

Front 98

Omophagia

Back 98

Eating the raw flesh

Front 99

Tragedy

Back 99

Paired with epic. Lofty, and profound. Emotionally charged, often shows taboos. Based on myths widely known, emphasis on portrayal/perspective.

Front 100

Comedy

Back 100

Paired with iambic, phallic songs. Rowdy, raunchy, and light.

Front 101

Dithyrambs

Back 101

Hymn sung and danced in honour of Dionysus.

Front 102

Satyr play

Back 102

Fourth dramatic genre, follows a tragic trilogy. A chorus of satyrs.

Front 103

Great Dionysia

Back 103

Introduced by a tyrant in 6c BCE. Held in spring during sailing season, attracted all Hellenic world.

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Rural Dionysia

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Mid-winter, created before Great Dionysia.

Front 105

Choregos

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Directed and funded the performance as a liturgy. Tremendous financial obligation, but high honour.

Front 106

Kothurnos

Back 106

Thick, high laced boots that are symbolic of tragedy.

Front 107

A deus ex machina

Back 107

Used for a god to appear on stage.

Front 108

Jocasta

Back 108

Mother and wife of Oedipus

Front 109

Laius

Back 109

Father of Oedipus. Punished for raping a girl, prophecy that his son will kill him & wed his wife. Exposes baby, that hecks up, Oedipus kills him on the road.

Front 110

Anagnorisis

Back 110

Self-recognition

Front 111

Eteocles

Back 111

Oedipus' son, agrees to rule with his brother but refuses to relinquish power, drives Polynices out of the city. Killed by Polynices.

Front 112

Polynices

Back 112

Son of Oedipus, brother of Eteocles. Moves to Argos and marries the king's daughter. Killed by Eteocles. Creon refuses his burial rights, considers him a traitor.

Front 113

Physis

Back 113

Natural

Front 114

Nomos

Back 114

Law

Front 115

Euripides

Back 115

Wrote Medea, interest in the female & famous for portrayal of women, however super misogynistic himself.

Front 116

Epicharmus

Back 116

Creator of comedy, active in 470s BCE.

Front 117

Old Comedy

Back 117

Short lived, ended in 4th century BCE. Intimately tied to intellectual/political atmosphere.

Front 118

Aristophanes

Back 118

Active member of the polis, comedic writer.

Front 119

Parabasis

Back 119

When the chorus steps forward, speaks in the voice of the playwright in the centre of the play. Message is entirely irrelevant to play, could be addressing political climate or Aristophanes himself.

Front 120

Eurpidaristophanizer

Back 120

Aristophanes' nickname bc of his affinity with Euripides.